Essay Example on Do Insects Feel Pain? Neuroscience & Behavior Analysis

Adamo, Shelley Anne. "Do insects feel pain? A question at the intersection of animal behavior, philosophy, and robotics." Animal Behavior 118 (2016): 75-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.05.005

The authors explore attempts to answer the question of whether the insects feel pain; pain is one of the emotions feelings felt by man-animals and humans as well. the authors utilize data from the behavior of insects, and their neurobiology top determined whether animals feel. The authors give exiles of insects being exposed to insectivores; their response exhibits a critical process to evade the danger; this implies that the insects respond to stimuli. the article provides more evidence on neurobiology in insects to show their response to some of the hazarder's situations. The article affirms that insects feel pain because they posse's central nervous system; even though they have fewer neurons, they are capable of feeling pain just like the invertebrates. The others there are in support of the idea that animals feel pain. They confirm that the incest's are made of complex neurons that are functionally similar to those of other animals that feel pain. The authors confirm that based on their neural architecture, insects can feel pain; however, the difference with other animals is their mechanism to demonstrate the pain. The article uses various biological and behavioral evidence to confirm that insects feel pain.

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Key, Brian. "Why fish do not feel pain." Animal Sentience 1.3 (2016): 1. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2010.00374.x

The authors, researchers from the University of Queensland, focus on the emotions of pain to determine whether fish feel pain or not. The authors affirm that only human beings can report feelings of pain, and on another hand, animals are typically inferred because they are unable to talk. They utilize behavioral data to determine the feelings of pain in fish. the article is set to examine the behavior of a fish concerning emotions of pain based on their level of consciousness and creation of stimuli. In contrast with the other article, the authors utilize the idea of stimuli and how it is linked to the generation of emotions from the brain. the pain is generated from the brain, specifically from the neural functions. the article, therefore, identifies that fish do not feel pain as it does not have the same properties as humans. Fish do not have the original features that can cause painful emotions such as parcellations of the tissues in the neural regions, and active feed ward and feedback mechanisms. They affirm that the fish do not have a neural architecture that can generate feelings of pain. The article there disagrees with the idea that all animals feel pain as fish do not.

Machado, Miguel, and Iran Jose Oliveira da Silva. "Does farm animals experience emotions and feelings?" J. Anim. Behav. Biometeorology. 7.4 (2019): 170-175. doi.org/10.31893/2318-1265jabb.v7n4p170-175

The authors, researchers from the University of Sao Paulo (USP) in the department of biosystems engineering, performs a study to identify whether farm animal feels emotions. The research focuses on brain functionality, and this influences the development of emotions. They affirm that the emotions arise in case the brain receives an external stimulus, and on the other hand, the feeling is the act to respond to the concerns and emotions on how the individual feels about a certain event. They sagest the is possible for one to psychological and behavioral information to show feelings or emotions. They find that some of the farm animals' express emotions the same as humans in some of the cases. This article uses evidence from different experience es concerning farm animals that reflects on how they might be able to feel emotions as humans. Identify stimuli as the main factor that plays an important role in determining the emotions experienced by an animal. Authors describe two types of stimuli, that is the negative and positive stimuli; due to the repetition of a particular action, animals can judge and identify whether it is positive or negative; this process stimulates emotions. The authors utilize neurobiological ideas to establish the ability of animals to develop or feel emotions. They confirm that animals can feel emotions of fear, pleasure, frustration, and pain. This article, therefore, supports the idea that animals feel emotions.

Spunt, Robert P., Emily Ellsworth, and Ralph Adolphs. "The neural basis of understanding the expression of the emotions in man and animals." Social cognitive and affective neuroscience 12.1 (2017): 95-105. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsw161

The authors, researchers from the California Institute of Technology, explores different concepts of emotions between humans and animals based on neural perspectives. They affirm that human beings cannot help animals develop emotions; however, they attribute their emotion to animal research utilized one of the scientific methods called fi-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to the determined emotional relationship between human beings and non-human animals. They affirm that a dog can express love and humility through external factors like hanging lips, wagging drooping ears, and displaying a flexuous body. the authors, therefore, use the idea of Charles Darwin to explain further the capacity of human minds and the ability to identify emotions from non-human animals. The use of an anthropocentric perspective to determined human-like feelings expressed by animals. The authors suggest that just like human beings' animals can feel and express emotions; however, a human may not be keen enough to recognize some of these expressions. In contrast with another article, the authors also use a neural mechanism to show that animals can feel emotions; they suggest that through some of the facial expressions that non-human primates, as well as dogs, presents confirms that they feel emotions.

Robert G. Franklin, Jr. Canine emotions and the bond between humans and dogs. Department of behavioral sciences. Anderson University. 2015.

The authors and researchers in the department of behavioral science at the Anderson university examine canine emotions and the relationship between human beings and the dog. They identify some of the cognitive abilities of a dog that influence human behavior. the bond between humans and some of the canine domestications has risen, and this has influenced the welfare of animals giving dogs and other animals to interact with humans and express their emotions. They say that the human-dog relationship is unique, based on neuroscientific perspectives and behavioral factors of dogs display special relations with a human. They affirm that hum can easily identify the emotional states of a dog. The authors utilize a literature review to establish a better understanding of the emotional stays of dogs and human relationships, and the article is incorporate of the idea that animals feel emotions.

de Vere, Amber J., and Stan A. Kuczaj. "Where are we in the study of animal emotions?." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 7.5 (2016): 354-362. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1399

The authors review various literature to provide descriptive information on animal emotions, and they identify that animals have the ability to feel emotions. The authors, however, explore some of the disagreements about animal emotions as well as the nature of consciousness in animals. They support other researchers who affirm that animal feels emotions. The article focusses on the different perspectives concerning research studies that have explored this topic; they agree that animals can express their emotions through external features. theaters find their hypothesis significantly support by many research studies that animals feel emotions. In contrast with previous articles, the authors support the functionality of neural factors in regard to the animal's emotions. They identify conscious components in animals as the major factors contributing to their ability to feel emotions. Animals exposed to emotional experience display emotional feelings as a reflection of a particular experience. They identify negative and positive states to determine the nature of the emotional experiences of animals. This article, therefore, is in support of the idea that animals feel emotions.

Works Cited

Adamo, Shelley Anne. "Do insects feel pain? A question at the intersection of animal behavior, philosophy, and robotics." Animal Behavior 118 (2016): 75-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.05.005

de Vere, Amber J., and Stan A. Kuczaj. "Where are we in the study of animal emotions?." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 7.5 (2016): 354-362. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1399

Key, Brian. "Why fish do not feel pain." Animal Sentience 1.3 (2016): 1. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2979.2010.00374.x

Machado, Miguel, and Iran Jose Oliveira da Silva. "Does farm animals experience emotions and feelings?" J. Anim. Behav. Biometeorology. 7.4 (2019): 170-175. doi.org/10.31893/2318-1265jabb.v7n4p170-175

Robert G. Franklin, Jr. Canine emotions and the bond between humans and dogs. Department of behavioral sciences. Anderson University. 2015.

Spunt, Robert P., Emily Ellsworth, and Ralph Adolphs. "The neural basis of understanding the expression of the emotions in man and animals." Social cognitive and affective neuroscience 12.1 (2017): 95-105. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsw161