Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in an Adult Patients Case Study Paper Example

Clinical Problem

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a kind of diabetes that results from imbalance blood sugar in adults that exposes the victim to the risk of losing their lives (ACCORD Study Group, 2010). Health care in conjunction with scientists has continually conducted studies to identify the best strategy through which they can administer medicine to ease the impact of the disease. This disease has become chronic and has gone out of hand as the patients are predisposed to more health issues, and its control has become extremely expensive.

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Currently, two techniques are being widely used by nurses to administer the drug and which differ in their performance; oral anti-diabetes agents and insulin therapy. Therefore, it is essential to conduct a thorough study of the two methods. More so, the oral techniques are relatively affordable and provide a substantive recommendation to the physicians to improve the health services (Young, Dugan, Pfotenhauer, & Shubrook, 2016). Since this diabetes type results from inadequate secretion of insulin that is responsible for balancing blood sugar, the absorption rate of insulin in both methods employed are identified to ensure that the benefits of oral anti-diabetes over insulin therapy are essential towards helping patients improve their conditions.

Clinical Question

To support the study on the efficiency of the oral administration method versus insulin therapy in lowering A1C level, it is essential to have a number of questions that will guide through the study to obtain the desired outcome and draw substantive conclusion crucial to decision making on what the best drug administration techniques for those patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus. These questions include:

• What are the underlining factors that enhance the efficiency of oral anti-diabetes agents for type 2 diabetes mellitus?
• When is the best time to introduce oral drugs to guarantee the best outcomes for patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus?
• Are there other health complications that alter insulin boost for anti-diabetes agents that are administered through the mouth?

Review of the Literature

Numerous scholars have conducted research concerning the effectiveness and efficiency of the technique used to administer diabetes drugs. (Kanatsuka, Sato, Kawai, Kobayashi, & Kashiwagi, 2016) researched to establish the efficacy of oral anti-diabetes agents in relation to other clinical features in type 2 diabetes to patients. During this study, the authors targeted to identify the connection between clinical activities that influenced the efficiency of OAD. Characteristics such as body mass index and the hemoglobin A1C, DPP-4i, MET and their effect to oral compounds efficiency were measured to guide physicians on what the best method and under what condition AOD should be preferred over insulin therapy. The study established that there was a commendable connection between patients clinical features and the efficiency of the OAD. When comparing the efficacy of oral administration to insulin therapy, it is more affordable and suitable for those who are heavy to control their glucose level.

Sherifali, Nerenberg, Pullenayegum, Cheng, & Gerstein (2010) conducted a study to establish the effects of oral antidiabetic medicine on the A1C level and published the article in May 2010. They did extensive research where they searched all medical literature from 1980 to May 2008 to identify the performance of the technique to patients and its help towards controlling the sugar level. After a critical analysis of the existing literature, it was established that AOD reduces A1C at a relatively low rate within the first 4-6 months after introduction. The study does not substantively address the effects of AOD on A1C making it difficult to point out the actual impact on the patients.

Chaudhury et al., (2017) conducted a clinical review to bring on board consequences for type 2 diabetes mellitus control. Their primary objective was to identify various issues underlined in the management of this disease that has become a significant world cause of suffering to people. Among the activities majored in is the influence of lifestyle towards the control of the disease. Lifestyle such as alcohol usage are issues that physicians should include in their plan to improve the outcome irrespective of the technique used to administer the drugs. Also, glucose monitoring is another issue that the physician should perform on a regular basis to ensure any variations are identified at the right time taking the appropriate action. Having these two controlled and effectively incorporated on the place facilitates the effectiveness of the drug type to be used.

The significance of the Problem

Globally type 2 diabetes mellitus has posted a great challenge and subjected many people to lots of suffering. A stable control measure is yet to be put in place to enhance appropriate diagnostic and subsequent treatment implemented. For these reasons, the healthcare organizations have come up with drugs of different types that help control the glucose level to the patient suffering from this chronic disease. OAD and insulin therapy are widely used, but still no concrete information that exists to support their effectiveness. Identifying the efficiency of the oral administration of antidiabetic agencies would help solve the problem that arises from the use of insulin therapy such as an increase in body weight (Polonsky & Henry, 2016).

Implications for Nursing Practice

Coming up with the most efficient drug administration technique will mark a milestone towards reducing the suffering of the community. To nursing practice, it will be a great achievement upon which their workload will decrease significantly. Since this type of diabetes is suffered in most developing countries, establishing the best use of oral anti-diabetes agents will help save a significant amount of capital as well as making the drugs affordable to even to those of lower social status in the society.

Recommendations for Nursing Practice

Having conducted the study, some suggestions would help improve the current condition of type 2 diabetes mellitus. First, the healthcare providers should capitalize on educating the social importance of regular checkup to ensure that the disease is diagnosed at an early stage which can be controlled. Secondly, stakeholders should invest heavily to support research on the various ways to integrate both oral auto diagnostic agents and insulin therapy to improve the efficiency of diabetes management.

References

ACCORD Study Group. (2010). Effects of intensive blood-pressure control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. New England Journal of Medicine, 1575-1585.

Chaudhury, A., Duvoor, C., Kraleti, S., Chada, A., Ravilla, R., Marco, A., . . . Kuriakose, K. (2017). Clinical review of antidiabetic drugs: Implications for type 2 diabetes mellitus management. Frontiers in Endocrinology.

Kanatsuka, A., Sato, Y., Kawai, K., Kobayashi, M., & Kashiwagi, A. (2016). Relationship between the efficacy of oral antidiabetic drugs and clinical features in type 2 diabetic patients (JDDM38). Journal of Diabetes Investigation, 386-395.

Polonsky, W. H., & Henry, R. R. (2016). Poor medication adherence in type 2 diabetes: recognizing the scope of the problem and its key contributors. Patient Preference and Adherence, 1299-1307.

Sherifali, D., Nerenberg, K., Pullenayegum, E., Cheng, J. E., & Gerstein, H. C. (2010). The effect of oral antidiabetic agents on A1C levels: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care, 1859-1864.

Young, C., Dugan, J., Pfotenhauer, K., & Shubrook, J. H. (2016). Pharmacological management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Part 2. Primary Care Reports.