Research Paper on Smoking in Houston: Evidence-Based Interventions and Health Risks

Introduction

Many teenagers have involved in smoking, especially the students of Houston, Texas. Providing evidence-based or pharmaceutical cessation aids and counseling to quit smoking are cost-effective and beneficial interventions or programs that clinicians need to offer patients. According to various studies, smoking increases the issues of pulmonary and cardiovascular disease, cancer, cataracts, poor surgical outcomes, and osteoporosis (Im, Oh, & Suk, 2017). Not only causing body conditions but also places health and economic burdens to the members of the community. For instance, smoking expenses reach 175 billion dollars every year, ranging in loss of productivity and medical cost in the United States (Henley, 2016). In Houston, Texas, students who involve in smoking end up failing in academic grades and assignments. It has been noted that smoking learners are associated with antisocial behaviors like lateness, stealing, and fighting as well as poor performance. Therefore, the paper focuses on the adoption of the smoking cessation program to help school-age learners to quit smoking in Houston, Texas.

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Clinical Problem

Smoking remains the preventable cause of premature death and disease. West (2017), suggested than smokers have a likelihood of 70% dying due to coronary diseases, unlike non-smokers. Despite the guidelines to enhance smoking cessation program to patients, various challenges emerge during the implementation of an intervention to smokers. Nurses use health education experience when providing care, although they lack confidence and knowledge concerning smoking and to assess the readiness of patients to learn. In Houston, Texas, the majority of learners who report cases of coronary diseases are smokers. According to the instructors, smoking students shows academic deterioration every year (Im, Oh, & Suk, 2017). However, as a school nurse, I will implement the program to ensure the students who smoke quit smoking and focus on academic performance.

Strategic Plan for Implementing Practice Change

I would use evidence-based practice to implement the program. EBP is the accurate and conscientious use of current evidence in connection with the patient's values and clinical expertise to guide health services decisions. Since the project may range 8-12 weeks, in the first two weeks, I would engage in knowledge distillation and creation to implement in care delivery. Then I would partner with school leaders and health care companies to disseminate the knowledge that can lead to a solution. The strategy will link smokers to intermediaries, which can be health care practitioners who can offer guidance and counseling to smoking learners and preventive programs. The last stage of knowledge transfer is end-user adoption, institutionalization, and implementation. In this stage, I would let the school management, and both smokers and non-smokers teens to adopt the change. Finally, I would recommend general practitioners to ask patients the attitude of smoking, advise them the benefit of quitting, assess their motivation while assisting them to stop smoking and arranging their follow-up. Multiple studies argued that smokers who discusses the attitude of smoking with GP have 79 percent chances of quitting smoking (Shang, 2015). Thus, the development of a strategic plan enhances the implementation of guidelines regarding smoking cessation care may lead to smoking students being given evidence-based smoking aid and advised to quit who give up smoking.

How to Operationalize the Practice Change

I would use the practice change by endorsing cessation efforts among the learners who smoke. The potential practice to assist children who smoke include peer support, self-help, and society cessation program. The institution must support learners to quit smoking by ensuring social support, teaching avoidance, and stress management (McCarthy, 2015). I would advise the school to engage families or parents in support of the evidenced-based program to prevent smoking. Families can play a significant role in providing environmental or social support for smoking learners by reinforcing educational information at home and program planning. Involving families in monitoring students during homework assignment will decrease the likelihood of smoking outside the school environment.

Also, I would give program-specific education for the instructors. Teachers need the training to identify and recognize smoking students to implement the program before addiction. They should practice the program implementation either by imposing instructional strategy and monitoring social skills. Accordingly, I would advise the schools to prohibit illegal smoking advertisement in institution functions, publications, or buildings by explaining the adverse impacts like disease, death, and disability.

Theoretical Model and How to Overcome Barriers to Implementation

I would use the diffusion process to make the school aware of the smoking program and encourage to commit in initiating to help students who are smokers to quit. I would design the intervention to enable teachers to implement following the findings as well as maintenance. The implementation may have challenges, so I would collaborate with other medical practitioners and school management to discuss the adverse effects of smoking among teenagers as they are future leaders. Also, implementing the program may be time-consuming and costly, but I would collaborate with other nurses to help the school initiate the program with 8 to 12 weeks.

Sources of Internal Data

The sources for internal data would be, Data available in the cross-sectional study, observation of individual-level characteristics, medical report and performance results

Evaluation of Methods of Implementation

The evaluation methods will be based after a period of 12 weeks to check the outcomes of the program. The control and experimental groups will be compared for abstinence rate after intervention through multivariate logistic regression for predefined features like sex, age, and training course (Hong & Hoi, 2017). All smokers from the school will be taken account, and follow-up method will apply.

Ethical Consideration

The program will be guided by the ethical principles like privacy, confidentially, and integrity. The information regarding smoking students will be kept secrets as they will be exposing student's behavior (Park & Drake, 2015). The precision manner in which data would be analyzed, interpreted, and collected and the presentation of findings would improve the validity, credibility, or trustworthiness. The program would enable the participant to validate the accuracy of information of their narration and what they would convey. Peer examination would yield a consistent conclusion in terms of data integrity and analysis

Conclusion

Trends in teenage smoking impose a significant problem across global society because they are future leaders. There have been challenges to fights against smoking substances like tobacco, cigarette, and many illegal addicts. Smoking imposes adverse effects like coronary disease, cancer, both social and economic issues. Many teens' students who are associated with smoking fails in academic grade, and others show antisocial behavior like fighting or stealing. However, after realizing smoking hazards, various policy and programs can be implemented to enable the teens quite smoking. Concerning Houston Texas School, I have proposed the evidenced-based plan, pharmaceutical cessation aids, and counseling to help learners quit from smoking and focus on education.

References

Henley, S. J. (2016). Vital signs: disparities in tobacco-related cancer incidence and mortality-United States, 2004-2013. MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 65.

Hong, L. K., & Hoi, T. K. (2017). Smoking among students in a rural secondary school. Journal of Health and Translational Medicine, 5(2), 85-88.

Im, Y., Oh, W. O., & Suk, M. (2017). Risk factors for suicide ideation among adolescents: five-year national data analysis. Archives of psychiatric nursing, 31(3), 282-286.

McCarthy, M. (2015). "Alarming" rise in popularity of e-cigarettes is seen among US teenagers as use triples in a year.

Park, E., & Drake, E. (2015). Systematic review: internetbased program for youth smoking prevention and cessation. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 47(1), 43-50.

Shang, C. (2015). The effect of smoke-free air law in bars on smoking initiation and relapse among teenagers and young adults. International journal of environmental research and public health, 12(1), 504-520.

West, R. (2017). Tobacco smoking: Health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions. Psychology & health, 32(8), 1018-1036.