Research Paper on Polio Eradication Initiative

Introduction

Polio is an infectious and viral illness that is caused by a virus living in the intestinal tract and the throat. The OPV consists of a combination of live attenuated strains of poliovirus of the stereotypes chosen by their efforts to mimic the response of the following immune infection with numerous wild viruses of polio. Also, with an importantly decreased spreading incidence to the nervous system. Antibodies in the blood are produced by the vaccine to the virus, and amid infection, the action protects a person from polio paralysis through preventing the spread of the virus to the nervous system (Cochi et al. 2014). Moreover, a local immune response is also produced by the vaccine in the mucous membrane which is the primary site for multiplication of the virus. Nevertheless, the antibodies that are secreted inhibit multiplication of numerous infections of the wild virus that is occurring naturally (Cochi et al. 2016).

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The immune response of the intestines to the oral polio vaccine can, therefore, be considered as the reason why numerous mass campaigns with the vaccine have been depicted to curb person-to-person transmission of the wild virus. In rare occasions, when administering the vaccine, the results associated with paralysis strain and move to the more neurovirulent profile of the virus. Also, in a few cases, the depicted strains of the vaccine are often both transmissible and neurovirulent and have led to infectious poliomyelitis (Obregon, & Waisbord, 2010).

The Target Population or Audience

Most people are often advised to get the oral polio vaccine while they are young. The primarily targeted population is children below the age of five who should be vaccinated with at least four doses of the injectable polio vaccine at the following points. The first dose at two months, followed by another dose at four months, then the third dose at six to eighteen months, and a booster dose at the age of four to six. Moreover, the IPV might be administered in the same period with other vaccinations. Also, because most adults have been vaccinated while they were kids, the routine immunization of polio is always not recommended for people aged eighteen and older who reside in America (Cochi et al. 2014). However, in some instance, the vaccination might be administered to prevent risks of contracting the virus to three people; travelers to different parts of the globe where the disease is common, individuals working in the laboratories who come into contact with the specimens which may contain the virus and health care employees who always have close contact with people who might be infected with the virus (Obregon, & Waisbord, 2010).

The Benefits of the Program or Project

The eradication of polio of a perfect deal from both an economic and a humanitarian perspective. The GPEI curbs death and devastating paralysis in children as well as allowing the advanced nations and the earth to recognize meaningful financial benefits. The micro-plans of polio that are captured in each family with a newborn baby as well as the door to visits often help establish and build a relationship between the marginalized portions of the entire population as well as the people living in very isolated health systems and settlements (Cochi et al. 2016). Also, another benefit of the polio vaccine program mainly in the African nations serve as an example of the collaborative efforts impacting the reach and quality of the public health systems (Frieden, 2014). The same coinciding effort in the African nations, as well as the international donors, have the potential of ascertaining that the resources that are built through the eradication of the virus are leveraged effectively to benefit the services of routine immunization and other health programs once the virus has been eradicated (Cochi et al. 2014).

The Cost or Budget Justification

In most cases, the vaccination of polio is administered by the government bodies who as well sponsor them. Moreover, an impending increase in price that is likely to raise the budget of many nations, United States inclusive, for a first vaccine by less than a thousand dollars has prompted most government bodies to seek the assistance of many international donors at the time a showpiece statue was erected for an estimated thirty thousand dollars. Most ministries of health are scrambling to avert the possible stock-out of the IPVs in the middle of a global supply shortage and arguing the vaccine makers to revise the prices (Cochi et al. 2016). Therefore, a stock-out might mean that the governments are forced to stop the immunization of OPV to infants temporarily, which is a critical state to any nation.

Thus, the approval of your funds might assist. Additionally, in most cases, the IPV does not have risks of the polio paralysis associated with the vaccine or polioviruses that are vaccine-derived which come with the vaccine. The case is a primary tool in a worldwide polio eradication effort. According to the increase in the prices of the vaccine which the government at times is often not willing to assist, I am kindly requesting for the funding of the polio eradication health program in the nearby county to help save lives of infants from polio. Additionally, the price for a dose of the vaccine has also increased by approximately fifty percent as depicted by many health programs and global health agencies, which might be strenuous for the government to afford (Frieden, 2014). Thus, it may end up neglecting the ordinary citizens leading to a high mortality rate in young children.

The Basis Upon Which the Program or Project Will Be Evaluated

Many vaccination health programs can generate huge amounts of diverse data types, from coverage estimated to management and operation indicators. The information of coverage is often helpful in quantifying the effect and impacts that the program has in reducing the disease. Operations and management data sets might be useful diagnostics in determining the sections of the system that are performing perfectly as well as parts that can be improved when striving for a vast coverage (Frieden, 2014). Moreover, routine immunization is always measured as part of the nationwide multi-indicator cluster surveys that also measure the demographic and socio-economic indicators. The mass campaigns of vaccinations also known as the door-to-door campaigns have always been used in distributing polio vaccine for many years and proceed to be the best-preferred method of interrupting the transmission of the virus (Obregon, & Waisbord, 2010).

Therefore, in the depicted program, we work to provide numerous innovative diagnostics and indicators for the differed measured that is created upon the vaccination data program, which might be utilized by other health programs to estimate their effects, target their strengths and identify the areas that are always performing poorly. Moreover, while evaluating the program, the routine immunization will be used it consists of the administrative coverage analysis as well as the multi-indicator survey of cluster analysis (Frieden, 2014). Also, the mass vaccination might be used or preferred, and it is made up of the vaccination coverage analysis, population immunity analysis, management indicator analysis, and social mobilization analysis (Obregon, & Waisbord, 2010).

References

Cochi, S. L., Freeman, A., Guirguis, S., Jafari, H., & Aylward, B. (2014). Global polio eradication initiative: lessons learned and legacy. The Journal of infectious diseases, 210(suppl_1), S540-S546. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu345.

Cochi, S. L., Hegg, L., Kaur, A., Pandak, C., & Jafari, H. (2016). The global polio eradication initiative: progress, lessons learned, and polio legacy transition planning. Health Affairs, 35(2), 277-283. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1104.

Frieden, T. R. (2014). Six components necessary for effective public health program implementation. American journal of public health, 104(1), 17-22. https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/abs/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301608

Obregon, R., & Waisbord, S. (2010). The complexity of social mobilization in health communication: top-down and bottom-up experiences in polio eradication. Journal of health Communication, 15(S1), 25-47. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810731003695367