Paper Example on COVID19: Respiratory Illness With Chronic Conditions

Introduction

COVID19 (coronavirus) is a disease caused by a pathogenic microorganism called the coronavirus and can be indirectly or directly spread from one person to another (Bedford, 2020). Most individuals affected by the virus of COVID19 experience moderate from mild respiratory illness, and they get well without the need for a unique treatment. According to WHO (2020), geriatric (older) and individuals with underlying medical issues, for example, chronic respiratory disease, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease, have a high likelihood of developing severe disease. One of the proper ways of slowing down and preventing the transmission of COVID19 is knowing how the infection is caused and spread, protecting yourself and others from spreading the disease by regularly washing your hands, avoid touching your face, or utilizing alcohol or sanitizer-based rubbing frequently (Bedford, 2020). This essay focuses on discussing the implication or impacts of COVID19 on tourism and aviation in 2020.

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The pandemic of COVID19 is a global pandemic reported in more than 188 territories and countries with over 313,200 cases worldwide as of March 22 (Holshue et al. 2020). This COVID19 case includes over 13,200 and 95,000 deaths and recoveries, respectively (WHO, 2020). COVID19 virus is transmitted between individuals mainly through respiratory droplets, which is produced through either normal exhalation, squeezing, or coughing. It is spread primarily from touching surfaces, which are contaminated then touching with contaminated hands one's face (WHO, 2020). COVID19 is mostly contagious with symptomatic individuals, but also there is a possibility of the spread from individuals with no symptoms yet (Novel, 2020). Generally, the period between COVID19 symptom onset and exposure is normally within five first days, although it can range between 2-to-14 days (WHO, 2020). Cough, fever, and breath shortness are some of the common symptoms of this global outbreak, while its complications are such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and pneumonia (WHO, 2020). As mentioned above, there is no unique COVID19 antiviral treatment or vaccine, but supportive and symptomatic therapy are some of the primary treatment. Some recommended measures of prevention include mouth covering during coughing, frequent hand washing, distance maintenance from other individuals, and self-isolation and monitoring for suspected infected individuals (Novel, 2020).

Worldwide, the implementation of various ways to contain the virus and prevent its spread to other countries are such as quarantines, travel restrictions, event cancellations and postponements, curfews, and facility closures (Iacus, Natale & Vespe, 2020). For instance, Hubei quarantine, elsewhere in Europe and Italy nationwide quarantines, curfew measures in South Korea and China, restrictions of incoming passengers and several closures of nation's border, and screening at train stations and airports (Bedford, 2020). Also, closure of universities and schools in more than 124 countries, either local or nationwide basis, thus negatively affecting over 1.2 billion learners (Bedford, 2020). Most of these implemented measures affect the industry of the tourism and aviation industry adversely and generally disrupt the aspect of global socioeconomic (Ayittey, Ayittey, Chiwero, Kamasah & Dzuvor, 2020). Besides worldwide socio-economic disruption, the global COVID19 pandemic has resulted to cancellation and postponement of cultural and sporting events, widespread of panic and fear, the online spread of conspiracy and misinformation theories related to the infectious illness and cases of racism and xenophobia has arisen against Southeast Asia and Chinese people (Wang, 2020). The graph below shows the confirmed cases of coronavirus globally as of March 18, 2020. The figure in the graph is rounded to the nearest hundred.

Implications of COVID19 to Tourism and Aviation in 2020

The global industry of tourism and aviation is one of the most affected industries by pandemics, mainly due to its business nature that is normally related to individuals travelling. Based on past data, pandemics and epidemics have an immediate general effect on airline industries, hotels and restaurants, travel agencies, and among other departments in the tourism and aviation industry because of government and media coverage measures and travel restrictions internationally (Iacus et al. 2020). As mentioned above, now, there is a new infectious and deadly virus (COVID19) threatening people's lives worldwide once more. It is difficult to comprehend the degree of such virus, for it can cause deaths of millions of us, including your and my family, over only weeks or months. The impacts of coronavirus (COVID19) are not only related to infected individuals but also individuals around them (Wang, 2020).

Meanwhile, the global economy is devastating with demand and production loss, annihilating impacts on communities and families in folly and panic and both local and national governments taking rushed and cataclysmic choices (Ayittey et al. 2020). On this account, most nations worldwide will go through the years to recoup. Generally, COVID19 might have begun from a bat; however, human vanity and activity set it free (Ren et al. 2020). In actuality, the infection was first perceived to have contaminated people before the end of last year - in the Wuhan animal market of seafood - and it belonged to the family of coronavirus (Munster, Koopmans, van Doremalen, van Riel & de Wit, 2020). The epidemic of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and the outbreak of MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) was brought about by coronavirus as well (Ren et al. 2020). Thinking about it, humanity's history is being destroyed with pandemics that have wiped out millions (Al-Tawfiq, Zumla & Memish 2014). On this account, is there a possibility that countermeasures for COVID19 could have already been prepared or more preparation could have been done on SARS and MERS to prepare for another virus? Now, after COVID19, there is a possibility of another future flu pandemic just uncertainty of when it will occur. Do we want to prepare for it? Maybe not: due to self-interest financially, complacency, denial, and fear. Most economists and scientists support the fact that the likelihood of occurrence of devastating pandemics risk could be fractionally prevented of the battling a global infectious illness cost. Several controversial questions and answers are arising about COVID19.

Within COVID19 outspread in a month, tourism and aviation are the most affected industry globally, as mentioned above. It is just rational that the COVID19 outbreak has had a huge thump on consequences for the Chinese economy, just as the global tourism and aviation industry. Early this month, the sector of tourism in China was already inert. A Chinese operator of tour defaulted bankruptcy, and most enterprises within the region were shutting down a steady progression. So, surmise, on the off chance that we have an issue in China, we will definitely have a flood of this issue on manufacture supply chain related to aviation besides other sectors and tourism in general. Taking into consideration that tourists in China contribute about 30% and more average spending per capita as compared to different nationalities (Tounta, 2020). On this account, the impact of the COVID19 outbreak mainly related to the global economy is expected to be more catastrophic than the extent of Chinese tourists' proportion in summation. As mentioned above, as of March 22, the COVID19 spreading has been reported in more than 188 territories and countries, thus impacting travelling restrictions worldwide, among other measures. The impacts of COVID19 at this moment will grow more substantial for the aviation and tourism industry (Senbeto & Hon, 2020). It is important to note that, in the first three months of the year, the aviation and tourism industry generally benefit significantly from summer clients planning and reserving for vacation plans (Senbeto & Hon, 2020). As expected, the summer period is about to start, but, due to the COVID19 outbreak, the rate of the reservation will not as be expected. Overall, vacations this summer could be off the table because most tourists with panic and fear of getting infected are putting off travelling plans (Salcedo & Cherelus, 2020). Consequently, global travel demand is taking a downward turn as the virus continues to spread (Senbeto & Hon, 2020).

The government of Russia in panic and fear prohibits tour operators from selling in Italy. COVID19 resulted in a significant decrease in the Italian tourism and aviation industry, with a 40 % reduction in its sector as according to Peripheral Lombardy Council Vice President, Francesca Brianza (Tounta, 2020). Many booking processes have been dropped, and future reservations are severely reduced until the finish of June. Also, the U.S.A., among other countries, is imposing travel restrictions on its citizens as a way of preventing COVID19 spread (Salcedo & Cherelus, 2020). Few days after the U.S.A. President, Donald Trump announced the closure of Canada and U.S.A. borders to any important-less travel; the coronavirus task force in the White House announced the closure of Mexico borders effective from March 21. On March 19, the state department of the U.S.A. issued a "do not travel" advisory of Level 4 (highest travel advisory), recommending its citizens not to travel globally (Rodriguez-Morales, MacGregor, Kanagarajah, Patel & Schlagenhauf, 2020). The European Union, on the other hand, instituted a ban of 30-days on nonessential travel from the rest of the world to around 26 countries in the E.U. (Salcedo & Cherelus, 2020). All these bans affect largely tourism industry negatively mainly aviation. As indicated by Assotourism, over 90% and 80% of all plane bookings in Rome and Sicily were canceled respectively. The sector of tourism, which makes up 13% of total Italian G.D.P., is declining (Tounta, 2020). Moreover, Spain organisations are additionally negatively affected. The effect on the Spanish industry of tourism is likewise expected to be extreme. I.A.G. and N.H. Hotels group has a number of branches of its hotels in Italy. N.H. Hotels Group in Italy has around 50 hotels, and some of them are located 12 in Milan, while the economic activity of the group in Italy in 2018 arrived at 290m euro (Tounta, 2020).

Additionally, I.A.G. is related to flights to over 18 destinations cities in Italy affected by the spread of COVID19. On this account, it is practical to not how these countries will be economically impacted due to this pandemic. Observably, French Tourism is enduring an onslaught as well, with its prime minister indicating that they have experienced a decline of between 30-40% (Tounta, 2020). This is a significant effect on the French economy on the off chance that you imagine that the tourists from China reach 2.5millions (Tounta, 2020).

The aviation industry in Greek could not keep away from being impacted by the effects of COVID19. According to Harry Theoharis, Greek Tourism Minister declared hardly that most tourists, including 70% of tourists from China, canceled their travelling plans to Greece because of the COVID19 pandemic (Tounta, 2020). The Santorini island is experiencing a domino of cancelations shockingly from China as well as from global tourists, immediately they realize the presence of Chinese people in Santorini. The Santorini Hoteliers president, Mr. Iliopoulos, says that booking cancellations are between 60-70% in moths of February...