CKD: Managing Risk of Fatal Cardiovascular Conditions - Essay Sample

Introduction

Chronic kidney disease is any damage to the kidney that persists for more than three months (Zaccagnini & Pechacek, 2019). This problem usually results in other fatal conditions that are more harmful to the patient. A CKD patient is most likely to die from secondary illnesses, particularly those of the cardiovascular system before the renal disease becomes fatal. As such, the management of this condition is usually aimed at reducing the susceptibility of the victim to cardiovascular conditions such as hypertension and heart attacks. The damage on the kidneys is incurable; hence, maintaining a healthy lifestyle is the best resort to ensuring a longer lifespan (Zaccagnini & Pechacek, 2019). The actions for this purpose include maintaining a low blood sugar level, regular exercise, minimizing tobacco and alcohol consumption, maintaining a low-fat diet, and seeking medications to reduce the damage on the kidney.

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CKD Impact on Socioeconomic, Cultural and Psychosocial Factors

Socioeconomic factors describe those factors that define the position of an individual in society concerning education, occupation, wealth, and housing (Dunphy et al., 2019). CKD is a permanent condition that sticks with the individual for his/her entire lifetime. For this reason, it has a significant impact on these factors. The management of this condition is expensive since they are actions that have to be conducted daily. Once a person contracts the illness, their concerns shift from the critical socioeconomic factors to the management of the disease. As a result, a general decline in socioeconomic status is paramount.

Cultural factors define the beliefs and the general way of life of a particular group of people. This has been noted to affect the prevalence of the disease. Although the occurrence of this illness has cut across all cultural aspects in the world, its morbidity and mortality rate is different for the various cultures. The prevalence of end-stage renal disease in Africa is found to be four times that of the condition in the US. This implies that the cultural ways of the latter group provide an environment that is conducive for the management of CKD than the former (Dunphy et al., 2019). As such, the mortality and morbidity rates are higher in Africans than Americans.

Psychosocial factors are concerned with the psychological well-being of an individual. They describe such conditions as depression, anxiety, and stress, among others (Dunphy et al., 2019). These factors have been observed to be notably higher in CKD patients. However, their effects on mortality rates are yet to be established. The strains involved in managing the condition attributes to these escalated conditions in these patients.

Problem Findings That Can Be Assessed in Nephrolithiasis Patients

The risk factors that promote the occurrence of this condition are some of the problem findings that can be assessed for such patients. These include gout, diabetes, obesity, and primary hyperparathyroidism. Also. In a broader observational scenario, dietary risk factors such as low dietary calcium and low fluid intake may be considered.

Why Pyelonephritis is Such an Emergent Condition

A bacterium known as Escherichia Coli causes this condition. It usually occurs as a result of a complication in a prior Urinary Tract Infection, descending from the bladder to the kidney, and all the collecting organs (Belyayeva & Jeong, 2019). The condition is involved with symptoms of frequent urination, increased urgency, vomiting, flank pain, and fever. The situation is extremely painful since it affects an organ that is frequently used daily. During urination, an inflammation effect is felt that causes tremendous pain to the patient. The condition is worse in pregnant women.

Evaluation of this condition can be effectively done through history and physical examination. However, laboratory examination is recommended. The urine sample is used in urinalysis to test for pyuria. The presence of nitrite production will indicate the presence of E. Coli, the causative agent (Belyayeva & Jeong, 2019). Hematuria and Proteinuria can also be found to mean the same. The presence of hematuria may also indicate the possibility of other infections.

Education and Follow-Up Care for Chronic Liver Failure Patient

Liver failure is caused mainly by the consumption of alcohol. For this reason, follow-up care and training will be aimed at ensuring the patient does not resume their drinking habits. Referral to a rehabilitation program for alcohol abuse may be necessary (Katz, 2015). Also, group counseling sessions consisting of former alcoholics may be useful in helping the patient from resuming drinking habits.

Taking the appropriate medication is also necessary to facilitate the complete recovery of the patient. As such, the nurse should ensure the patient is supplied with drugs that enable the improvement of the liver. Also, given the various types of liver infections, some vaccines can be given to present such conditions as hepatitis (Katz, 2015). This is necessary since contracting such a disease after prior liver damage may lead to permanent damage to the organ. The nurse should ensure that the patient is informed on the importance of this vaccination, especially when accessing areas that have higher risk factors of contracting the disease.

The most crucial step to recovery is the maintenance of a healthy diet. Liver damage is caused mainly by the substances that are allowed into the body through the digestive system. The nurse should ensure that the patient is taught the importance of maintaining a healthy diet, one that is free from excess fat. Fatty substances are toxic to the liver. This can also be achieved by regular exercise to burn down fats in the body. The patient should also be careful not to gain excess weight.

References

Belyaev M, Jeong JM. Acute Pyelonephritis. [Updated 2019 Feb 28]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2019 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519537/

Katz, G. B. (2015). Advanced practice within a nursing paradigm. Advanced Practice Nursing: Core Concepts for Professional Role Development, 27.

Dunphy, L. M. H., In Winland-Brown, J. E., In Porter, B. O., & In Thomas, D. J. (2019). Primary care: The art and science of advanced practice nursing.

Zaccagnini, M., & Pechacek, J. M. (2019). The doctor of nursing practice essentials: A new model for advanced practice nursing. Jones & Bartlett Learning.