Child Vaccinations: Annotated Bibliography

Madhi, S. A., Levine, O. S., Hajjeh, R., Mansoor, O. D., & Cherian, T. (2008). Vaccines to prevent pneumonia and improve child survival. Bulletin of the world Health Organization, 86, 365-372.

One of the primary advantages of vaccination of children has always been the ability to reduce exposure to disease, thereby addressing the potential challenges associated with child mortality rates. In this research study, the scholars evaluate the significance of immunizations against pneumonia, determining that undergoing immunization could effectively reduce the chances of suffering from the disease and reducing the number of child mortality by about 1.075 million cases of child deaths annually. Ultimately, this also reduces the government strain in addressing healthcare issues by reducing the necessity for pneumonia treatment among the children that would receive vaccination against the disease. Notably, the use of a review of literature approach in the research gives the scholar the necessary credibility of the topic, owing to the reference to studies conducted on the subject. Consequently, the research will serve as an important source of information in support for immunization of children against known diseases.

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Gust, D. A., Darling, N., Kennedy, A., & Schwartz, B. (2008). Parents with doubts about vaccines: which vaccines and reasons why. Pediatrics, 122(4), 718-725.

Not all parents are always in support of immunization of their children against disease. There exists a significant number of them who express reservations, and ultimately do not get their children vaccinated as is necessitated by law. Consequently, this research delves into an analysis of possible causes of such reservations with particular interest in developing solutions that could ultimately be used in addressing the issue. In particular, the results of the study suggests that care providers should often seek out questions from parents regarding immunization processes, to address possible concerns they could have about the process. Additionally, proper public education on the importance of vaccination could aid improve attention to the issue, enough to increase the chances of 100% immunization of newborns in the country. Notably, the use of a primary research approach gives the study enough credibility for use in research efforts. As such, it will form an effective source of information highlighting some of the challenges that derail child immunization efforts, and possible solutions therein.

Opel, D. J., Taylor, J. A., Zhou, C., Catz, S., Myaing, M., & Mangione-Smith, R. (2013). The relationship between parent attitudes about childhood vaccines survey scores and future child immunization status: a validation study. JAMA pediatrics, 167(11), 1065-1071.

In this research, Opel et al. (2013) determined the existed of a waning attitude towards immunization of children. Responses in the research study revealed that although there was a significant attention towards the immunization process in the early stages of birth, some of the children were highly under immunized. Most importantly, immunization is only effective if the children are exposed to the full dosage of the process. Otherwise, their level of vulnerability remains no different from that of children who have not undergone any vaccination process. Notably, the scholars used a primary study, using respondents who included parents with children under immunization programs, in effect promoting the reliability of the study results. Consequently, the research will especially provide useful information on progress related immunization processes, which would in turn ascertain arguments made on potential solutions to issues related to healthcare needs addressing consistency in accessing vaccines.

Leask, J., Kinnersley, P., Jackson, C., Cheater, F., Bedford, H., & Rowles, G. (2012). Communicating with parents about vaccination: a framework for health professionals. BMC pediatrics, 12(1), 154-165.

In this research, the scholars explored the role of healthcare professionals in advancing vaccination programs within the society. Despite the reducing trust among the public on the role of vaccinations, it remains paramount that healthcare professionals engage the public, particularly due to their level of knowledge of the consequences of failure of vaccinations. Notably, the professional is always best placed to aid the public on issues that the public may not be privy to. Parents may not be privy to the mortality statistics associated wit failure to receive vaccinations, and nether would they know of the health consequences on the children. Using a literature review approach on literature related to communication between parents and caregivers, the study determines that healthcare professionals would play a critical role in negating the trends related to vaccination programs. Therefore, the research will play a pivotal role in explaining the role of care providers in providing solutions to health issues related to child vaccination.

Owais, A., Hanif, B., Siddiqui, A. R., Agha, A., & Zaidi, A. K. (2011). Does improving maternal knowledge of vaccines impact infant immunization rates? A community-based randomized-controlled trial in Karachi, Pakistan. BMC public health, 11(1), 239-247.

The research herein explores the impact of social issues on the vaccination rates in the community. Based on the Pakistani population, the scholars explore the role of social status on immunization rates in the country, determining that closer attention to the less literate population had a significant impact on the vaccination rates in the country. In particular, explaining the issues associated with vaccination from an understandable perspective would increase the chances that a particular population would be willing enough to undergo immunization. However, there have often been issues associated with population generalization, which often results to poor outcome of intervention measures. The results of the study herein will be highly consequential in explaining social differences associated with child immunization processes. Access to information is a critical factor that would determine the level of commitment to accessing the health programs, without which the less literate population is likely to ignore vaccinations.

AustvollDahlgren, A., & Helseth, S. (2010). What informs parents' decisionmaking about childhood vaccinations?. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66(11), 2421-2430.

Parents play a critical role in determining the chances that a child will undergo immunization. As long as the government successfully campaigns for the immunization programs, with a focus on parents or potential parents in the country, then there would be high chances of a high vaccination rate within the said economy. Perceptions on parent ability and barriers to participation and obtaining information on immunization were the most detractors to immunization based on the research herein. In particular, the scholars position as research fellows in nursing provided them with access to scholarly resources and theories that would ultimately influence the results of the research herein. Consequently, it will be an ideal source of information for the study as it provides first hand accounts on the most appropriate way to achieve change in the society increasing the rates of participation in immunization practices.

Ciolli, A. (2008). Mandatory school vaccinations: The role of tort law. The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 81(3), 129-137.

Cioli (2008) introduces the importance of legal frameworks in advancing objectives on children vaccination programs. In particular, schools have often included the necessity for vaccination against some diseases as one of the necessary provisions for joining the said institutions. This has often been a concern, especially among parents who argue from a religious perspective, arguing that the necessity reduces their liberty of practicing religion. Most importantly, the use of literature on the subject makes the study especially important in providing alternative views on child immunization, especially from parents who indicate reservations on the issue based on their religious and potential government regulations. While everyone is at liberty of associating with whichever religion he or she wishes, it would be important to understand that such liberty only extend to where those of other citizens begin. Therefore, the research will form an ideal basis of argument on the suggestions made by those opposed to immunization, and who quote the law as the basis of their reservations.

Song, G. (2014). Understanding public perceptions of benefits and risks of childhood vaccinations in the United States. Risk Analysis, 34(3), 541-555.

According to Song (2014), there are often valid reasons among most parents who know about the existence of vaccinations, but instead chose not to take their children through he process. In this case, the lack of adherence to the principles of vaccination relates to perceptions of risks associated with the vaccination processes, which leads the parents to think of their children as having a better chance of survival if they do not undergo the vaccination as compared to when they go through the process. Consequently, an intervention measure intended to address issues related to access of information related to immunization may not necessarily solve the problem entirely. Therefore, the research will play a pivotal role in addressing possible solutions to challenges facing child vaccination programs without having a skewed perspective on access to information as being the primary issue in need of attention.