Research Paper on Attention Deficit Disorder

Introduction

The Attention Deficit Disorder(ADHD) is a brain disorder that is characterized by the ongoing inattention pattern r the hyperactivity which interferes with the development as well as the functioning of the brain. The disease is characterized by challenges in paying attention, hardship in controlling behavior and excessive activity (Chu, 2007). It is the impairments in the developmental unfolding of the unconscious self-management part of the brain affecting a large proportion of the children, the adolescents as well as adults. The disorder was first identified in 1902 by George Still who asserted that it was caused by viral encephalitis and believed that it mainly affected the children with either depressed mothers or alcoholic fathers (Reynolds, 2007). The common symptoms associated with the disorder include; becoming bores with a task, difficulty in paying attention, difficulty in following instructions, struggling to pay attention, difficulty in processing information, challenges in completing a single task, e.g., homework/assignments and distracted easily. There are also cases of; nonstop talking, impatient, touch/plays with everything, and interrupting others (Reynolds, 2007).

Is your time best spent reading someone else’s essay? Get a 100% original essay FROM A CERTIFIED WRITER!

Save 25%

The primary cause of ADHD is the interaction of the genetic and the environmental factors and most of the symptoms are inheritable. The recent studies also reveal that ADHD shares genetic influences with other disorders, and in most cases one share genetic effects between the inattentive signs of dyslexia (Reynolds, 2007). It is also announced that the genes that are responsible for cell adhesion also contribute to the onset of the ADHD. Other environmental factors that contribute to the disorder include maternal smoking, maternal depression, poverty, poor parenting, and low birth weight. Children with the disorder always have academic issues caused by the neurocognitive impairments. This is because the brain area that is responsible for cognitive processes is impaired (Chu, 2007).

Another study revealed that diet also contributes to ADHD, where it was revealed that there are some colors (yellows and reds) that are used in foods and are known to be significant contributors (Ianni, 2017). The study also found that food coloring and preservative also contribute to ADHD. There is no provided test when diagnosing ADHD, but the DSM-5 scale requires that there should be enough signs and functional impairment. It is regarded as one of the psychiatric disorders whose diagnosis is based on the criteria that is found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM IV) (Reynolds, 2007). It may also accompany other disorders like anxiety and depression.

The Types Attention Deficit Disorder

Primarily hyperactive impulsive

Individuals with the type feel the need for constant movement. They struggle, squirm and sit down for a long time (Reynolds, 2007). They act like they are driven by a motor and always talk excessively. They have the habit of interrupting others while struggling with self-control. The type is common in children and men (Chu, 2007).

Primary Inattentive Type ADHD

Individuals with inattentive ADHD always make careless mistakes since they cannot sustain attention due to comprehensive instructions. They are also disorganized and cannot organize the tasks and activities as expected (Chu, 2007). The study also revealed that these people are forgetful and can lose concentration fasted in case of any destruction. A high number of adults and girls experience the disorder that was formally known as ADD (Ianni, 2017).

Combined Type ADHD

Individuals with combined ADHD present more than six symptoms from the above types. Combined ADHD is diagnosed through a detailed evaluation of the patient including the medical history, the experiences at school, memory and the attention levels. They always blur the answer before the whole question asked and that they have difficulty in waiting or taking turns (Reynolds, 2007).

The Management of ADHD

One of the standards used modes of treatment for ADHD is Occupational Therapy. This is a form of therapy focusing on helping individuals with a physical, sensory or cognitive disability to be independent (Reynolds, 2007). It is also a form of therapy that helps kids with ADHD so that they can be able to improve the cognitive, motor skills. The Occupational Therapists provide the therapy programs that address the difficulties of sensory processing and in the process, they help the children to learn this by adapting to the new activities. There is also the use of tools along with techniques that are used in schools, homes and any social place where the child plays (Reynolds, 2007).

The occupational therapy delineation of practice for children with ADHD that is based on the theoretical concepts that are linked to the environment of the child the interaction, and the participation of the child in several occupations (Reynolds, 2007). Occupational therapists work directly or indirectly with the children through collaborative consultation with either teachers/parents as they focus on the development of skills and the chances to improve the functioning of the child. The therapists.

The primary cause of ADHD is the interaction of the genetic and the environmental factors and most of the symptoms are inheritable. The recent studies also reveal that ADHD shares genetic influences with other disorders, and in most cases one share genetic effects between the inattentive signs of dyslexia (Reynolds, 2007). It is also announced that the genes that are responsible for cell adhesion also contribute to the onset of the ADHD. Other environmental factors that contribute to the disorder include maternal smoking, maternal depression, poverty, poor parenting, and low birth weight. Children with the disorder always have academic issues caused by the neurocognitive impairments. This is because the brain area that is responsible for cognitive processes is impaired (Chu, 2007).

Another study revealed that diet also contributes to ADHD, where it was revealed that there are some colors (yellows and reds) that are used in foods and are known to be significant contributors (Ianni, 2017). The study also found that food coloring and preservative also contribute to ADHD. There is no provided test when diagnosing ADHD, but the DSM-5 scale requires that there should be enough signs and functional impairment. It is regarded as one of the psychiatric disorders whose diagnosis is based on the criteria that is found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV) (Reynolds, 2007). It may also accompany other disorders like anxiety and depression.

Another study revealed that diet also contributes to ADHD, where it was revealed that there are some colors (yellows and reds) that are used in foods and are known to be significant contributors (Ianni, 2017). The study also found that food coloring and preservative also contribute to ADHD. There is no provided test when diagnosing ADHD, but the DSM-5 scale requires that there should be enough signs and functional impairment. It is regarded as one of the psychiatric disorders whose diagnosis is based on the criteria that is found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM IV) (Reynolds, 2007). It may also accompany other disorders like anxiety and depression.

References

Chu, S. (2007). Occupational Therapy for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Part 2: A Multicentre Evaluation of an Assessment and Treatment Package. British Journal, 189-898.

Ianni, L. (2017). The Role of Occupational Therapy with Children with Attention Disorders. McGill University, Montreal, 1-192.

Reynolds, F. (2007). Occupational Therapy for Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Part 1: A Delineation Model of Practice. Research Gate, 1-78.