Exercise Reduce Alzheimer's Impact? - Annotated Bibliography

Introduction

Alzheimer's illness is a common source of dementia, and it has vast adverse effects on the patients and their families. It also has a substantial economic burden on health care systems that make researchers create different protective factors with physical activities and exercises being reported to be useful and economically advantageous.

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Brown, B. M., Peiffer, J. J., & Martins, R. N. (2013). Multiple effects of physical activity on molecular and cognitive signs of brain aging: can exercise slow neurodegeneration and delay Alzheimer's disease?. Molecular psychiatry, 18(8), 864-874. https://www.nature.com/articles/mp2012162.pdf

Countries in the West have high numbers of aging populations that increase the cases of Alzheimer's and dementia. To curb the increasing incidents of the disease, individuals should adopt healthy lifestyles that protect them against different medical disorders. Cognitive function decline is a common symptom of Alzheimer's and dementia. Physical activities are associated with improved performances in different cognitive domains, such as flexibility in mental operations, memory, and speed.

There exists an association between physical activities and Alzheimer's disease with reports showing that the individuals that take part in any physical activity are less likely to advance the disease. However, persons who do not practice any workout are more likely to develop Alzheimer's illness, especially in their old age. This source will be valuable in accomplishing my goal of determining the influences that exercises have on Alzheimer's and brain aging. It is reliable because it uses facts and cited past researches to argue about the difference between individuals that exercise and those that.

Collier, F., Hafzalla, G., Faskowitz, J., Kuller, L. H., Becker, J. T., Lopez, O. L., ... & Braskie, M. N. (2018). Systemic inflammation as a predictor of brain aging: contributions of physical activity, metabolic risk, and genetic risk. Neuroimage, 172, 118-129. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5954991/pdf/nihms938106.pdf

Physical activities are recognized as a means of protection that helps to reduce mortality and disability. Several researchers have analyzed the influence that exercises have on Alzheimer's and brain aging, and the researches have been useful in showing why exercises and physical activities should be adopted as a means to reduce the chances of acquiring the disease. Inflammatory processes promote and resist degenerative changes found in the brain of aging individuals. Alzheimer's disease affects older adults and leads to cognitive declines as well as structural changes such as metabolic risks that include obesity, dyslipidemia, the resistance of the insulin, and high blood pressure. These factors place elderly individuals at the risk of getting dementia or chronic inflammation.

However, when they are introduced to different physical activities, they experience lower peripheral inflammation and cognition protection. The authors of this source explain the benefits of exercises to include weight loss that helps to decrease the likelihood of getting Alzheimer's illness and dementia, inducing trophic factors that contribute to the protection of the brain and modulates inflammatory processes.

This source is reliable, and it will be useful in my goal of researching the advantages of exercises in the reduction of brain aging and Alzheimer's disease. The authors are authoritative in this topic as they use the article to explain how inflammation leads to brain aging and the way that exercises and physical activities help to improve brain health in older adults. The source is informative, and it helps to increase my knowledge about brain aging and Alzheimer's illness and how their effects can be reduced using exercises.

Roitto, H. M., Kautiainen, H., Ohman, H., Savikko, N., Strandberg, T. E., Raivio, M., ... & Pitkala, K. H. (2018). Relationship of neuropsychiatric symptoms with falls in Alzheimer's disease-do exercise modify the risk?. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 66(12), 2377-2381. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15614

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is linked to neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) and frequent falls. An estimated 90% of people who have Alzheimer's disease experiences one substantial NPS in the developmental stages of the disease. Moreover, NPS is much persistent. Hence clinically efficient signs and symptoms play a crucial role in indicating poor prognosis, a high burden to the caregiver, and high costs of care.

Individuals with dementia have a higher probability of falling than people without. It is estimated that the risk is twice high to the people living with dementia than in those without. Furthermore, according to the article, nearly 60% of older individuals who have dementia fall every year. However, further studies conducted on the victims elaborates that Neuropsychiatric symptoms predict the falls.

This article explains how exercises significantly lower the chances of older adults who have dementia from experiencing falls. The trial of the Finnish Alzheimer's Disease Exercise (FINALEX) exhibited how a continuous intensive exercise dramatically decreased the chances of falls among the people living with Alzheimer's disease.

This source is highly authentic hence reliable, furthermore, by centering on the relationship that exists between falls and the neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS). Further explaining how consistent performance of exercise by older people with Alzheimer's Disease intervenes by reducing the probability of falls, makes this source a high point of reference for my research on how physical exercises are linked to control of the Alzheimer's Disease and aging of the brain.

Hess, N. C., & Smart, N. A. (2017). Isometric exercise training for managing vascular risk factors in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 9, 48. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2017.00048

In most cases, exercises and physical activities are encouraged as a therapeutic intervention for several conditions like hypertension, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's Disease. Moreover, there exists an indirect relationship between the rate of physical activity and the rate of chronic inflammation. Notably, the performance of aerobic exercises stimulates endothelium vasodilation through ensuring NO production via upregulation. Consequently, regular aerobics acts towards preventing the loss of age caused by endothelium-dependent vasodilation by replacing the highly sedentary individuals.

This article focuses on aerobics exercises because of its ability to stimulate the production of NO. Nonetheless, it is evident that physical activities boost cardiovascular fitness and results in neuroprotective benefits hence moderating the functional and structural neuronal complications linked to conditions like dementia. Furthermore, studies from animal models show that exercise substantially enhances improvements in neurogenesis, learning, angiogenesis, and memory in the test rats. Similarly, in the mice models, aerobics significantly inhibited the development of neuropathology due to Alzheimer's Disease.

According to this article, exercise performance by mid healthy adults has the capability of improving the several cognitive functioning domains. It significantly suppresses the probability of dementia development in later stages of life. Moreover, recent studies have established a relationship between cardiovascular fitness and cerebral atrophy in Alzheimer's disease.

This source is reliable and will significantly help in accomplishing my research on establishing the merits of the performance of physical exercises, specifically in managing Alzheimer's disease. Nonetheless, the source is undoubtedly authentic as citations from previously validated research heavily support it.

References

Brown, B. M., Peiffer, J. J., & Martins, R. N. (2013). Multiple effects of physical activity on molecular and cognitive signs of brain aging: can exercise slow neurodegeneration and delay Alzheimer's disease?. Molecular psychiatry, 18(8), 864-874. https://www.nature.com/articles/mp2012162.pdf

Collier, F., Hafzalla, G., Faskowitz, J., Kuller, L. H., Becker, J. T., Lopez, O. L., ... & Braskie, M. N. (2018). Systemic inflammation as a predictor of brain aging: contributions of physical activity, metabolic risk, and genetic risk. Neuroimage, 172, 118-129. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5954991/pdf/nihms938106.pdf

Hess, N. C., & Smart, N. A. (2017). Isometric exercise training for managing vascular risk factors in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 9, 48. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2017.00048

Roitto, H. M., Kautiainen, H., Ohman, H., Savikko, N., Strandberg, T. E., Raivio, M., ... & Pitkala, K. H. (2018). Relationship of neuropsychiatric symptoms with falls in Alzheimer's disease-do exercise modify the risk?. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 66(12), 2377-2381. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15614