Essay Sample on Controlling Respiratory Diseases like COVID-19

Introduction

Diseases like COVID-19, being a respiratory infection can be spread widely in a limited period given that no measures are put in place to control it. A disease like Covid-19 being a respiratory disease can become hard to contain n since it is hard to limit one's movements in a specific area and also it is hard to tell which places are safe. For a disease like this to be contained, law-making institutions and health institutions must come together and join forces on how to control the particular epidemic Craven, M. et al. (2020). Not all outbreaks will need the two forces to combine; some epidemics will only need the health organizations to stipulate measures to be implemented by the public for their safety. Protocols that can be put in place to avert a virus like this can be of greater good to the public health sector and still have profound effects in the economic status and civil liberties.

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Additionally, in times like these, the law provides decision-makers certain powers which they apply ethical doctrines to make decisions on how to use and apply the powers given to them. When the health institutions and government agencies come together, the most appropriate solution for the pandemic would be quarantined. Quarantine is viewed as the most ethical and legal ways to avert an epidemic Craven, M. et al. (2020). Some diseases are not only airborne but can be transmitted through other means like sexual contact like HIV or other forms of human body interaction.

According to Meltzer, Cox & Fukuda (1999), the government can find this very hard to monitor. The only protocol that can be put in place to curb such acts would be to enable a conducive legal environment to support those acts, and that will be positive in inhibiting more transmission. Some of the two most important ways to combat any virus include public health interventions which may involve the quarantine measures and social distancing. Another approach would be through therapeutic countermeasures which would consist of the provision of vaccines and antiviral medications. Many protocols put in place to counter certain diseases may face some barriers that are mainly technical.

Developed countries play a significant role when it comes to the manufacturing of vaccines and antiviral medicines. Also, these developed countries play a vital role when it comes to objective measures to counter such infections. With a more significant percentage vaccination has proved to be a useful measure in the reduction of deaths and sicknesses that comes from the viruses. Although some diseases are seasonal and these vaccines are unable to counteract the mass brought by a particular virus. Also, problems of supply can arise due to factors like limited production capacity, measures put in place by the market for entry requirements into the market and even lack of market incentives.

These are the best and safe oldest control method in existence for any disease. According to Jordan, V., & Jordan, V. (2020), although these words have been used interchangeably, there is a vast difference in their meaning. For example, quarantine can be used to mean, the constraint of asymptomatic persons and their activities that have been exposed or had contact to any contagious diseases in the time of communicability. In contrast, isolation is the total separation of individuals in the time of communicability and placed under certain conditions to control further transmission. Isolation and quarantine can be attained by restricting people in their own homes, setting up designated facilities for keeping people and also constraining movements in and out of the affected area. These two aspects undermine an individual's liberty and also show the contrast between the society in guarding the well-being of its resident and civic freedoms of individuals, for example, privacy, freedom of movement and also nondiscrimination. According to Jordan, V., & Jordan, V. (2020), these measures should only be used when the disease is known, and broad research has been carried out regarding the pandemic and has been announced as contagious. Jordan, V., & Jordan, V. (2020), continues to add that these measures should be voluntary if possible, and if that is impossible, they should be enforced with all means possible. Such actions come at a price both for the government and individual economically, and this will affect the country at large. When the quarantine is over it will take the country a long time to recover due to the quarantine.

Global health is dependent on international travels since most diseases are brought from abroad from other countries. International control procedures can be extended to entry and exit points of airfields, and any country borders, pop up of health alert notices on modes of travel and also physical analyses of sick or exposed persons. Freedom of movement in many countries is a fundamental right, and hence placing controls over international trips may overstep on the civil liabilities of its citizen. Freedom of movement if need be is subject to infringement when public health is at stake.

If the government comes up with such measures as instructing the public to avoid crowded or public places such as stores, market or by any chance these places are instructed to shut down, there will arise a need for people to look for other means to get necessities like food, groceries and even medicine. When this occurs, the government is likely to step in with connections for distribution of the required amenities to its inhabitants. During the time of the shutdown, such distribution should be steady, and it should be inclusive of food and medicine. Interactions with the service providers and the citizen should be minimal. Incase death may arise during the lockdown; bodies should be arranged on how they can be efficiently removed from the houses. Moreover, the government can help in the inhibition and spread of some of these diseases by refining access to contraceptives and vaccination, screening and enlighten mostly to the youths.

Extreme interactions take place in these setups so; it is advisable to close them to close to avoid rapid spread of any airborne virus or disease. Work is essential in the livelihood of individuals and in boosting the economy of a country, and closing workplaces can cause massive financial constraints to the employer, employee and the country as a whole. Many developed countries like the United States may change their learning mode to online learning, while underdeveloped countries may struggle with their education. If such closures may continue for long, the inhabitants of a particular state may be unable to pay their rents and also provide for their families.

With the outbreak of Covid-19 as a world pandemic, the economy of many countries has been affected immensely. The outbreak has prompted the government, health organizations, non-governmental organizations, humanitarian groups, and religious groups and human rights groups to come up with rules to contain the spread of this pandemic. Bearing in mind that American states are well developed because of their stable economy, most of their cities, which are the backbone of their economy, have been affected by the outbreak of this pandemic Steven Ross Johnson. (2020). Many of the American cities are commercial centres with manufacturing, assembling, production and banking industries located in the central business district and several activities in these sectors have been adversely affected. The commercial operations in these cities have been affected, resulting in a big blow to the American cities. According to Steven Ross Johnson. (2020), many industries in the American cities have been affected by this world pandemic with the entertainment and sports, recreation and restaurant industries being forced to shut down to avoid the spread of this deadly virus. A good number of musicians, actors, massage therapist and footballers have been directed to call off their activities and events bearing in mind these are merrymaking and party dens. Much of the American economy is dependent on these industries, and the American citizens depend on this for their livelihood. Permanent closure of these economic activities would be a big blow to the American economy (Tankersley, 2020).

Subsequently, as a result of this global epidemic, most of the factories have laid off their workers, rendering them jobless (Tankersley, 2020). Much of these workers have duties and responsibilities which have positive impacts on the economy as much as the contribution to the nation's gross domestic product. The government has ordered the factories and industries to maintain their workers on the payroll, bearing in mind no productive activities are taking place in these firms giving room to total losses (Hutt, 2020).

Tankersley (2020) total lockdown and the stay at a home initiative number of companies have been forced to shut down, and this becomes a significant risk to the economy as many of the consumers and businesses are likely to default their loan payments. Banks and other lending organizations will suffer losses and cut back their lending like the scenario of the great depression, which led to stagnation of the economy in the American states (Tankersley, 2020). The spread of covid-19 had affected the production directly, especially in the American cities as workers have been put under home quarantine and the sick under isolation. Quarantine and separation do not give a room for production and manufacturing activities to be carried out, which has negatively affected the American economy (Tankersley, 2020).

A number of the markets and the supply chain of some commodities in the American cities have been affected as the borders have been closed and no importation or exportation is being allowed to curb the spread of this deadly virus. The manufacturing industries have no access to raw materials for their industries; hence production has been temporarily terminated (Tankersley, 2020).

The epidemic has created uncertainty in the American cities as most of the investors are preferring to hold government bonds. As a result of this, many businesses have resulted in investing in unprofitable enterprises due to the government directives and most of the firms have been making massive losses. As much most of the investors are trying to sustain them into the market, there has inequity the world market and in the stock exchange market which has emanated from this epidemic with a negative impact to the American cities economy (Tankersley, 2020).

According to Khan & Yasmine Khan (2020), the globe is busy putting up measures to curb this epidemic, especially in the American cities. Majority of the industries have incurred massive losses which emanates from the American cities concentrating more on the local trade abandoning international trade due to closure of boundaries creating unfair competition to the existing local industries. The investors are not able to ship their products to the global markets; hence foreign investors are not able to access American cities as most of the towns have put restrictive measures on their airlines. Border closures and the strict standards on the transport industry land, air and water have immensely affected the American cities economy both at the individual level and as a state (Qiu, Chu, Mao & Wu, 2018).

Additionally, according to (Meltzer, Cox & Fukuda, 1999), the American cities have directed much of their funds to fight against this epidemic, by coming up with supplementary budgets to curb this world epidemic. A number of the development projects have been abandoned or left hanging simply because the government in American cities has directed these funds to...