Essay Example on Glycoproteins' Four Components and Their Impact on Fertility

Introduction

Many researches have been conducted concerning the component and the effect it has on the fertilization process. It has a significant impact on women and thus the need to focus on its four elements and how they affect fertility. In this regard, the focus shall be on the four components of the glycoproteins in human beings.

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The four components of the ZP include the following ZPI, ZP2, ZP3, ZP4, which are present in the human body. One of the effects caused by the glycoproteins is the increase in the oocyte thickness in diameter. This increases the inner surface, and thus it has a thickening effect in the body cells. The ZP1 and two proteins are well evident in the granulosa as well as in humans during the early stages of development. For the case of Zp4, researchers have been able to detect it in pools of the human being in both metaphase II and the MII oocytes. They were found in the cells which had matured. In this regard, the ZP has an increasing effect on the cell walls during the development stages.

The ZP in the human being is similar to those present in the Murine ZP and contains prolonged filaments. This takes place when there is cross-linking with the ZP1 homodimers. All the ZP proteins have a role in maintaining the structure as deletion has a defect on the zona. When they are subjected to electronic scanning, it is clear that the inner ZP changes the fertilized oocyte. This makes the inner zona denser compared to the outer region. There have been many pieces of research that have been done regarding the zona, as some have proved to have competence in embryonic growth. The evaluation can be done through the use of the microscope to help trace the changes exhibited. This has helped in the detection of the structures and thus identify the changes that have taken place during a certain period. The use of computer analysis can be of help to help monitor the changes. There is a strong genetic relationship that exists in the zona components, and thus it poses an interesting perspective regarding infertility. This has posed a significant challenge to the fertilization process and has raised a hindrance to embryo development.

Other factors are specific to the individuals that have an effect on fertility in human beings. Some of these factors include the mRNA and how it is expressed in the human body. In an experiment to help have a clear understanding of the oocytes and analysis was conducted through the use of PLM. The corresponding CC in the shape of the humans was noted and the importance of the mRNA expression. The gene and PLM were identified to have a substantial effect on the fertilization process.

The four zona pellucida are most common during the pregnancy and fertilization stage. Pregnancy and fertilization, as are known, would not be possible without some critical steps that are necessary for the success of this complex process. One of the most important of these events represents the binding of the sperm to the Zona Pellucida. From now henceforth, this will be abbreviated as ZP. Glycoproteins are one of the important components of ZP. The glycoproteins are present in the body of the human being. Specifically, they surround the mammalian oocytes.

The glycoproteins then perform several roles in the body of the human being. All these roles are necessary for the fertilization process to take place successfully. These steps, which entail the zona inner later retardation, leads to fertilization competence. The first of the roles performed by the glycoprotein is to bind the sperms in a species-specific manner. The sperm binding process is the first important step that should take place successfully if all the other fertilization stages are to be successful. This binding process is also known as spermatozoa binding. The sperm is bound to the Zone pellucida in three forms or ways. These forms are ZP1, ZP2, and ZP3. One or a combination of these three ZPs surround the ovulated mouse eggs. The binding of the three ZPs is crucial because they need to be attached to the ovulation walls for an extended period of time, and this enables stability and continuity during the stabilization process.

The binding of the sperms in a species-specific manner should not be missed or skipped because it then leads to a reaction of the acrosome. The inducement of the reaction of the acrosome can only be possible if the sperm is aligned to their own species. Acrosome reaction cannot be witnessed, and there will be no fertilization if the species and species are not aligned in the right manner, which they should be. With the inducement of the acrosome reaction, it then makes it possible for fertilization to take place in the human body competently.

Implication of Study

The implication of the study on ZP and competence of the human body with regards to fertilization is that it will, and it has already increased the competence in fertilization. Competence at fertilization is necessary because of the differences in the genetic makeup of human beings and other species. It has been helpful, therefore, in manipulating the fertilization process in the body of human beings, in the bodies of those who have complications in fertilization. Also, since the womb of the reproductive organs of women can sometimes have problems, it has increased the body of knowledge that is applicable to make fertilization competent and a possibility outside of the human body. One of the specific areas that have made this a possibility is the spermatozoa binding process, which has given the framework of how to bind the sperm fo the walls of thee outside the human body. Whichever the target areas, one of the objectives is always to be it outside or within the human body.

ZP and fertilization competence both within and outside the body, but under less than ideal circumstances, is made possible via the use of controlled ovarian stimulation. For controlled ovarian stimulation to be considered as a success, COC retrieval first has to happen. The next important step is the collection of oocyte and cumulus. The oocyte, however, first has to be analyzed in what is known as a PLM examination. The PLM examination takes place with the oocytes being placed on a glass-bottom dish and prewarmed at medium temperatures covered with mineral oil.

Implants

Even if part of the fertilization process, especially the preparation, takes part outside the body does not mean that the fertilization of the egg also has to take place outside the body. Fertilization can, therefore, be competently undertaken back within the human body when the sperm and the egg are finally implanted into the embryo. However, before the implantation process can take place, the embryo has to be protected. Of the embryo is not under the right conditions and state, then it increases the chances that the sperm fertilization process will neither be competent nor successful. Apart from the embryo, another important component is polyspermy. The polyspermy should also be preventing from any damage, and should only be put into the embryo at the right time, under the right condition and in the right dosage.

Conclusion

Four zona pellucida glycoproteins and its inner layer are all important in the fertilization of the sperm and the egg competently within the human body. As has been seen from he discussion, it can also take place outside the human body, with care being taken to ensure that all the necessary conditions are fulfilled.

References

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