End Stage Renal Disease - Essay Sample

Introduction

This condition refers to the final stage of chronic kidney disorder, and it is usually the fifth stage. This means that the rate of functionality in the kidney is between 10 and 15% and this means the functionality is low. Kidneys are essential organs in the body as they help to pass waste as urine. It also helps in enhancing bone health and regulating blood pressure. Hence kidneys are necessary for other functions that assist the body, for instance in the production of a hormone (Collins, 2015). When the functioning of the kidney is at its lowest, this makes it not to function effectively regarding removing waste or fluids like urine. This essay will discuss End Stage Renal Disease in detailing including the diagnosis, cure, treatment and how the disease will be identified.

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Causes of ESRD

The significant roles of kidney include: Producing hormones that will aid in producing red blood cells, stimulating bone health, balancing the unnecessary removing waste through urine and regulating blood pressure. Hence due to the roles kidney have in the body they are subject to diseases that reduce its effectiveness. Diabetes and hypertension are the primary reasons of this disease in the U.K (Ketteler, 2018). The reason why the efficiency of the kidney is reduced after someone gets kidney related diseases is that conditions like kidney stones, "glomerulonephritis "affects "nephrons" (tiny filtering units) which lead to reduced filtration of blood eventually leading to this disease. The patients with diabetes affect the nephrons through high levels of sugar in the blood brought about by glucose not broken in a correct way.

Meanwhile, the patients with high blood pressure affect the nephrons when there is increased pressure on capillaries located in the kidneys leading to the damage of these tiny filtering units. Other causative factors of ESRD include congenital abnormalities, genetics of individuals about kidney related diseases. Urine flowing into the organs and finally prolonged blockage of the urinary tract.

Diagnosis of ESRD

Diagnosis means identifying an ailment, disorder through analyzing the background of the disease through analysis of the signs or symptoms, scrutinizing the test results and studying the possible causes. This disease will be diagnosed by conducting tests on urine samples to check the level of the protein albumin in the urine sample (Naicker, 2017). When there is a high level of albumin in the body, this may be an indicator of kidney disease. The other way is through doing imaging tests such as CT scans MRI to physically check on the size and structure of the kidney and check for any deformities. Removing a tester of kidney tissue to check if there is tumor growth in the tissues of the organ (Collins, 2015). The doctor can diagnose ESRD through conducting a physical examination where the doctor measures the weight and the blood pressure and possible problems that are maybe affecting the heart. The most important way of diagnosing ESRD and any other disease is when the doctor evaluates on the health history of the patient himself and even the family.

The Cure and Treatment of ESRD

According to (Ketteler, 2018), Even though there is no cure for kidney diseases, there are different methods of controlling the symptoms and enhancing the performance of the kidneys. The medicine of the condition will depend on the factors that have caused the kidney to be affected. If the patient has a problem with diabetes. The following ways of treatment will be applied to him or her.

Diet

The doctor will regulate the eating habits of patients having diabetes. This will involve cautioning them against eating more protein as when there is a low level of protein this can ensure the kidney perform better and more efficiently. The foods they should consider, vegetables, fruits, and milk.

Medication

The doctor will recommend some medications which will help to relieve the symptoms of prolonged kidney disease. The medications are meant to have the following effects on patients suffering from various kidney ailments.

• "Diuretics" will help in reducing the swellings in the kidney
• Recommending the medications that will treat anemia will help to reduce fatigue.
• Calcium and vitamin D especially in diets ensure the bone remains healthy and they remain strong.
• Medications for hypertension were to assist in minimizing the symptoms of chronic kidney illness.
• Medications that reduce the levels of the protein albumin in the bloodstream will also help in minimizing the symptoms of chronic kidney illness.

According to, there are two primary ways of treating ESRD, and it includes Dialysis and replacement of kidney. "Dialysis treatment" is employed to help infiltration of unwanted and excess liquid from your blood and there are two ways of doing dialysis: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Hemodialysis will involve blood being passed through a machine that is responsible for removing the wastes and extra fluid that are usually eliminated by kidneys when it is functioning correctly (Ketteler, 2018). Patients who undergo peritoneal dialysis some liquid is put into the abdomen of the patient and the fluid will infiltrate chemicals, other fluids that the kidney can remove on normal functioning.

The other treatment method involves replacing failed kidneys with new ones, and diminished donors usually donate the kidneys through organ donation programs.

Conclusion

It is essential that people observe healthy eating habits and they should ensure they engage in physical exercises which will help in burning the calories in the body, and this will help in reducing the risks of hypertension and diabetes which affects the nephrons, and this leads to chronic kidney disorder.

References

Ketteler, M., Block, G. A., Evenepoel, P., Fukagawa, M., Herzog, C. A., McCann, L., & Vervloet, M. G. (2018). Diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of chronic kidney disease-Mineral and bone disorder: Synopsis of the kidney disease: Improving Global Outcomes 2017 Clinical Practice Guideline Update. Ann. Intern. Med, 168, 422-430.

Collins, A. J., Foley, R. N., Gilbertson, D. T., & Chen, S. C. (2015). United States Renal Data System public health surveillance of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. Kidney international supplements, 5(1), 2-7.

Naicker, S., & Ashuntantang, G. (2017). End-stage renal disease in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Chronic Kidney Disease in Disadvantaged Populations (pp. 125-137).