Ecology Report Example: Waste Water Control in Trinidad and Tobago by the EU Versus that by the USA

Introduction 4
Policy instruments 4
Market-based instruments 5
Command and control 6
Voluntary regulation 8
Conclusion 9

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The legislative approach taken to control waste water in Trinidad by the European Union versus that by the United States of America

Introduction

With the rapidly increasing human population globally, the need to enhance the industrial intensification tends to increase. For instance, the need for food is directly proportional to the population size. There exists a reason therefore to increase the number of industries that facilitate production as a way of ensuring that the food supply is adequate. However, the increase in the number of industries comes along with a number of challenges. The scenario is expected since it is quite difficult different strategies into practice without coming across some negative impacts in the course of the operation.

Trinidad and Tobago is an Island with a small population. The fact about the country is that it encounters a constant water supply. It is a greatly industrialized and rapidly developing country. Consequently, a number of pollutants and the demands on the supplies are rising at a fast rate. The issue regarding water, therefore, concerns both the amounts and the quality (Paisley, R.K. and Henshaw, T.W. 2014 p. 203). The intention here is, however, to minimize and control additional pollution as well as clean up the water that is already polluted. It is at this point that the European Union, as well as the United States, comes in to help the country by coming up with some strategies to help the country meet its expectations regarding the water sources using three fundamental environmental policy categories.

Policy Instruments

It is often referred to as the standards and regulations strategies and enhances both the primary as well as the subsidiary legislations. Voluntary instruments are often referred to as moral suasion and they refer to the public awareness together with capacity building. Finally, there exists the market based which is commonly referred to as the pricing and quantity instruments. It refers to the financial strategies enforced with the intention of making allocations to the more environmentally sustainable behaviors among individual persons as well as entities. Such entities include green project funding deposit refund systems.

Market-Based Instruments

The government established policies to facilitate the development of the Eco-tourism ability in the country as well as the other projects related to it. It, therefore, started focusing its strengths in developing its tourism sector over a number of years back. The need to attract tourists helps to ensure that there is consistent water supply so that it becomes a favorable scene for the tourists to have fun in a place that looks cool. The presence of tourism would help a lot particularly in the duty of government tax generation in the course exchanges taking place when they transfer their currency into that of the country Trinidad and Tobago. The country, therefore, tried conserving water with the idea in mind of attracting the tourists. For the tourism industry to do well, the government had to point out the natural resources that could be used to attract the tourists and make them competitive in consideration of the international market. The favorable factors that facilitated this include the exotic flora and fauna's diversity that ranges from mangrove forest and rainforest to the swamps of freshwater and coral reefs as well as mammals.

No action had been taken to the proposals made from the 1980s. The United has facilitated action to be taken regarding the same by being the source of tourists to the country. The countries such as North America, Latin America, among the other parts of the globe are the sources for tourists with the interest in the rainforest and the different varieties of reptiles, monkeys, snakes, and even the plants and flower species existing there. The United States by being the source of tourists, therefore, serve as a motivation to the country to ensure the existence of clean and safe water by minimizing pollutants(Martinez de Alegria, I., Vicente-Molina, M.A. and Moore, C. 2017, p.50).

Consequently, the government established National Parks in certain areas including Vega de Oropuche, Clever Woods, and San Fernando Hill as well as a natural reserve and a wildfowl trust at Asa Wright and Pierre respectively. The positive result about this is that the conditions could be maintained through properly maintained management, tree cover maintenance, and appropriate waste disposal.

The European Union has also facilitated the implementation of particular policies to enhance the improvement of the quality as well as the amount for the country. The scenario can be seen in that it reached an agreement with Trinidad and Tobago regarding the systematic way of dealing with the dangers that come along with the changes in climate. The Framework Convention on Climate Change was signed at the summit that was held in Rio. The objective of the Convention was to minimize emissions. Its requirement for the company was that the latter should awareness of the issues related to changes in climate together with the Clean Development Mechanism. The outcome of the same is that the two are now in the progress of bringing up its private institute of climate change.

Command and Control

In response to the issue of controlling waste water, Trinidad and Tobago implements the Water Pollution Rules by EMA. The intention of implementing the rules is to deal with the pollution problems from point source discharges. The demand by the rules is that the particular persons identified to be water polluters should register with the Water Pollution Rules authority. It is at this point that they are given the necessary information regarding the amount of pollution in the country (Rice, B.R., 2014, p.1915).

The outcome of the registration procedure implementation is that it has offered guidance towards the selection of the most important watersheds worth consideration regarding the issuance of the permits of water pollution. The result of the implementation of the rule has seen the pollution levels in the country decrease drastically as no discharges are made without the consent of the authority.

Different from other countries of the globe, the regulations of command and control persisted being the dominating instrument of choice by the country of Trinidad and Tobago with the intention to achieve public policy objectives. The persistence went on until the 1990s. The laws concerning environment were set up without any unifying framework for guidance. Trinidad and Tobago's EPI landscape, however, became disjointed and ineffective around the mid-nineties. The major problem with the country was that a number of EPIs was not efficiently enforced. The reasons behind it could be the lack of enough resources needed to take necessary action and the unavailability of appreciation regarding the essentiality of the environmental laws. As well, most of the laws looked ambiguous to attempt enforcing then those that were quite clear had serious penalties. It is at this point that the U.S. government has been of great assistance through the facilitation of the Green Fund. It is a national environmental fund that serves to aid many certified environmental activities (SAFAYA, M.K.W.N.M. and EVRENDILEK, F., 2002, p.1).

The country itself has enhanced the implementation of the water rules as part of its contribution towards the struggle for the improvement of the quality of services as well as the safety of its citizens. The major reason behind the introduction of The Water Rules is to minimize the number of water pollutants in the point sources discharges. To facilitate this, the country gains guidance from two major processes under the rules. It begins with source registration then permission of water pollution. The former refers to the process in which an application is done to determine whether the facility in question meets the requirements by the WPR in trying to release the water pollutants.

The procedure of registration is set to begin with the instruments discharging the effluents, followed by the submission of an application form then by the payment of prescribed fees The process of getting permission from the authority helps to manage and reduce the quantity of concentration of the effluents with the intention that they meet the levels allowed extents as per the second WPR schedule. The permit refers a license for a firm to release certain types of water effluents at specified concentrations from authorized outfalls into the water receiving body.

Voluntary Regulation

It entails educating people on the need to conserve the environment as well as the importance that comes along with it. The EMA raises awareness and keeps encouraging valuable attitudes towards the environment. It also utilizes the media in spreading the information regarding the same. The Department of the Corporate and communications and that of Public Education facilitates the communication of the message across Trinidad and Tobago regarding issues to do with the environment. The avenues employed in this case include the use of print materials which includes brochures and booklets, posters, ad newspaper advertisements (Paisley, R.K. and Henshaw, T.W., 2014, p.203). EMA as well takes over the responsibility of arranging for tours to various places as well as enhancing nationwide competitions to intensify the awareness. Its effort can be seen through its establishment of an Environmental Club Programme. It intends to intensify their campaigns by adding establishing a Youth Ambassadors Programme. The reason for doing this is to enhance the development together with the enforcement of environmental legislation which is done through the encouragement of voluntary compliance as well as the use of financial and other incentives.

The United States becomes a great contributor in this case they are the pioneers of the idea of how to calculate the permitting fees regarding the discharge of the liquid releases. Research has it that permission granting is a characteristic of the legalized environmental reign of United States and that the center of the research was a variety of mechanisms employed by different states. With respect to Trinidad and Tobago, some parameters had to be developed.

The European Union can also be seen as a basis to the idea of volunteerism. It can be seen in that its members started the whole practicing duties willingly without being forced to do so. It acted as the basis for the implementation of the voluntary ideas that would later emerge in the country of Trinidad and Tobago with the objective of conserving the environment. The members of the European Union already understood the need to volunteer in environmental issues and the advantages that came along with agreeing to do particular tasks without being forced by anyone (Paisley, R.K. and Henshaw, T.W., 2014, p.301).

Conclusion

Water is an essential requirement for survival not only for human beings and animals but also plants. It is for the same reason that many often refer to water as life. With the increase in population from time to time, industrialization is inevitable because of the need for more products especially the food products as well as the machinery. Despite the fact that the products are important and their demand is high,...