Advances in Polio Vaccine Technology and History of Polio Vaccine Technology - Research Paper

Introduction

Poliomyelitis is an acute paralysis caused by the polioviruses serotypes. Development of the two major types of the poliovirus vaccine has led to the earliest mass inoculation. This was achieved in the early 1970s. One major and most important breakthrough in the polio vaccine technology and application come in 1945 when there was a successful cultivation of the oral poliovirus in human tissue which was accomplished in the laboratory and confirmation of its effectiveness was considered to be a great achievement in early advances in polio vaccine technology.

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Research Objectives

To study the past, current and predicts the future trends in Polio vaccine technology

To propose solution technological designs for polio vaccine

Polio Vaccine Technology

Polio vaccine technology has greatly evolved in the last few decades and this is most likely to change and influence the future developments of the vaccine technology. urgently and the most advanced way to accelerate the response time to the emerging issues and threats make the vaccine and the vaccination process widely available and at the sometimes ready for the provision to the society (Shahzad, 2009). Several advanced developments within the vaccination have made the provision of the service to be more efficient and to cope up with a future trend in changes that occurs in the field of medicine and the health sector.

Development within the vaccine polio technology has employed the use of two major vaccines that is the oral poliovirus vaccine and inactivated poliovirus disease. Several advances within the polio vaccine technology have seen the increased use of inactivated poliovirus vaccines as compared to the oral poliovirus vaccine. This comes out because oral polio vaccine has the disadvantage of causing paralytic disease in some cases. Advances within the polio vaccine technology are geared towards ensuring a polio-free world and this means that there will be a complete interruption in the transmission of polioviruses. To ensure the achievement of this, several plans have been laid down including the synchronization cessation of the oral poliovirus vaccine which is still underway. Even though

Various remarkable concept and advancement of vaccination against infectious diseases that was realized several decades ago have remained to be one of the most significant and important discoveries in the general history of the preventive medicine. The development and application of the available viral and the bacterial vaccines have remarkably reduced or eradicate completely some of the most dangerous infection in human beings and animals. Twomajor vaccines which have been used to fight against poliomyelitis which was introduced in middle last century can be considered to be the most successful and the most used vaccine ever realized in the medical history (Shahzad, &, Kohler, 2009).

Introduction and application of the attenuated poliovirus vaccine positively led to the reduction of polio morbidity mainly in the developed country which includes the united states and the European countries in the early 1980s. The process of ensuring that most of the vaccines are affordable more so to the low-income countries and the middle-level countries require several changes and innovation. These innovations must be within the medical sector to ensure that the unit cost of the vaccines is reduced so that it's manageable. To ensure that this is achieved then the medicine sector must improve the biosecurity of the manufacture of the vaccine and simplify the delivery procedure to ensure that it is cost friendly and affordable even with the less developed countries.

Achievement of this will include such factors like proper research in the feasibility of the available strains of the existing viruses to enable and enhance ease of manufacturing and preparation of the vaccine. The advances in the polio vaccine technology significantly require this form of technology to enable the medical to achieve the global vaccination and the elimination of the polio infections and this will have a proper advance effect on the patient care. The advances in polio vaccine technology, in addition to the technical modification in relation to the manufacturing process, should also include a proper infrastructure that will ensure delivery of vaccine globally. To achieve the advances in technology to ensure which are stated above and to ensure that patient and managed care improved then the various forms of current innovations and research within the vaccine technology should be properly utilized and applied.

Effective polio vaccine coverage in several ways has been affected by the lack of security by the health worker and this has been experienced in the areas that have persisted military unrest and also the resistance of the vaccine due to religious and traditional believes. Shahzad, &, Kohler (2009) stats that the study, therefore, illustrates that the technological advances in the vaccine development will not lead to the universal protection against poliomyelitis and this can only be achieved if it is supported by the public health infrastructure to enable proper vaccine distribution. These advances in technology will lead to improving patient care.

The emergence of the epidemic poliovirus within the western world was considered and interlinked with the urbanization of the western society and properly improved sanitation that slows down the age of infection beyond infancy. It also leads to the protection against the acquired antibodies. The initiative of the national foundation for infantile paralysis enables the raising of the millions of dollars. This initiative did not only leads to the establishment of the clinical care and the rehabilitation care to the patient but also supported the scientific research with the main aim of ensuring that the future occurrence of the same epidemic was eliminated. And this is believed to be one of the most advanced technologies that are almost coming to a conclusion in case the proper infrastructure which will enable worldwide distribution of the vaccine hence increasing efficient patient care globally.

Strategies for Future Polio Immunization Advances and Impact on Patient Care

Use of the oral polio vaccine (OPV) and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) are some of the most strategic tools which are being used in order to completely eradicate the wild polioviruses. Shahzad, &, Kohler (2009) reported that oral polio vaccine (OPV) rarely causes paralysis and develop the revertant polio strains, this will, therefore, lead to the use of the inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)instead of oral polio vaccine (OPV) after completely eradicating the wild vaccines polioviruses which also can be at a position to ensure the eradication of all the polioviruses.

Rising cost of research and the advances in technologies necessitates that drive to find ways to pair and form multiple antigens. Despite the provision of the rapid technological progress, the vaccines were still not in the capacity of the self-managed care and the patient care and this was observed before the recent product and vaccines launches (Shahzad, 2009). According to Shahzad, &, Kohler (2009), previously, the extent of the managed care and patient care was limited mainly to the supply of the integrated system, which is working with the quality mainly on the health plan employers. Despite all this, the advent mainly of the newer vaccines which mainly target the disease-causing morbidity and this is more in the mortality of the United States.

One important way of increasing and improving the value of the vaccination in the future will be to qualify the possible long-term and short-term cost in the availability of the specific product. The emphasis of the same idea in the technological advances is to improve the cost-effectiveness of the vaccines. In line with the advancement in the vaccine and medical engineering and the adjuvant action of the variety of delivery which is also being investigated. The advancement within the polio vaccine has led to the intradermal delivery and this is directly influential to the environment in a form of the antigen-presenting cells (APCs) which is a medicine considered as a measure of the several vaccines.

Mucosal delivery which is also one of trending advances has an advantage due to the fact that it does require the needle technology which is quite involving and expensiveand this goes ahead to have advantages and positive effect both to the patient care and the managed care. The entry of the vaccine known as the influenza vaccine into the market was also an innovation and great advance within the vaccination technology that really possess a lot of challenges. This is due to the fact that however much it was a new innovation into the system, it was only targeting those diseases that already had vaccines and similar effects with the only difference that it has a different approach and potentiality and also the clinical effectiveness was good. Jehan, et al (2017) argued that this comes out as a challenge because the availability of the similar vaccines in the field of medicine and vaccination is not such a common factor and therefore a proper evaluation in terms of their safety and also the economic impacts is a very important consideration while applying them and this really exposes a lot of challenges both to the researchers and the medical fractionators and...