Risk Factors Associated With Obesity Paper Example

Diabetic Mellitus type 2: The obesity that the patient has predisposes towards the development of insulin-resistant Diabetic Mellitus. Obesity causes the glucose regulation to be a problem even though insulin production is available. Therefore, the individual has excess level of glucose in the body since glucose absorbed is not taken into the cell for conversion to glycogen. It stems from the fact that the cells are not responsive to available insulin in circulation since insulin helps the cells such as hepatocyte to take in glucose from the blood and metabolize it to allow normal glucose concentration in blood. The presence of high fast blood glucose indicates of diabetes since the normal ranges between 70-99/mg/dL.Hypertension: Obesity causes increased demand for oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. As a result, the heart workload is increased causing the blood to be pumped at a very high pressure to reach very distal ends of the body (Copstead & Banasik, 2012). This leads to the development of hypertension in the patient. The blood pressure registered from the patients depicts of very high blood pressure. The pressure is at 172/96 when the normal ranges at 120/80 at the upper side.

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Heart disease: The patient may have a high chance of having the heart disease basing on the findings obtained. The patient has a very high amount of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood far beyond the normal standard value (Copstead & Banasik, 2012). High cholesterol and triglyceride in blood easily accumulate in the vessel walls causing atherosclerosis. The vessels end up hardening and thus affecting the blood flow. Particularly the coronary vessels are affected which could jeopardise the blood supply and even lead to heart attack. On the same note, the low level of HDL which are also known as good fats in the body leads to the development of heart diseases.

Bariatric surgery will do help reduce the weight in the patient. It is known as the weight loss surgery. The surgery entails gastric bypass or removal of the portion of the stomach (Hakim, Favretti & Segato, 2011). This causes the digestion process to be inhibited. The churning of food is also reduced thus the digestion and absorption if food is greatly reduced in the small intestine. As a result, the patient is unable to take in more glucose. This is beneficial because the patient has already high amount of glucose in the blood. It reduces the amount of glucose to be taken in circulation hence reducing high glucose in the blood. This translates towards reducing the extent of diabetes. Furthermore, other nutrients such as cholesterol are also reduced in absorption and thus in circulation that helps to reduce the excess cholesterol in the blood that is a cause of atherosclerosis and heart diseases. The reduced intake of nutrients as well causes the body to shift the source of nutrients for body processes. The available nutrient from digestion is too low to provide energy to the body sufficiently. Therefore, the body starts to use the fats as a source of energy burning them out and thus reducing the excess fats accumulated in the tissue. The body weight is decreased because of degradation of fats as the sources of energy. It is beyond no reasonable doubt that the surgery helps the patient in the management of the obesity and its related complications (Hakim, Favretti & Segato, 2011).

Treatment plan

Functional health patterns

Diabetes: The excess glucose concentration in the blood can be observed in the patient that denotes diabetes. It comes as a result of the increased insulin resistance by the tissues. The excess fats induce this in the body. The cell becomes utterly insensitive to insulin despite its level being high in the blood. In turn, the uptake of glucose into the cell is significantly reduced, and thus the absorbed glucose is retained in the blood. This is, therefore, type II diabetes, which cannot be treated by insulin administration. Diabetes further leads to their complication such as neuropathy and development of the foot ulcers that do not heal. This is because of the excess glucose in the blood.

Osteoarthritis: Joint problem is common in the obese people. The joint pain is more experienced in the regions that carry the body weight especially the back, hip and knee joints. The excess body weight relative to the height causes the joints to strain hence it might damage the joints.

Sleep apnea: The patient may experience sleep apnea because of the obese condition. The patient experience shortness of breath during sleeping and this makes them have interrupted nights. The sleeping is not therefore comfortable as it is required because they have the brief moment of breathing obstruction. They, however, tend to be sleepy during the day. The sleep apnea is attributive to the chest weight on the lungs causing restrictive breathing. The high blood pressure also contributes towards sleep apnea (Copstead & Banasik, 2012).

Depression: The depression stems from the inability to control the body weight. The criticism from the society as well as the loss of attractiveness causes low self-esteem and a personal boost. The depression makes the patient live the stressful life.

Menstrual problem and polycystic ovary syndrome: Obesity causes the women to be predisposed towards menstrual problem because of the overweight. On top of this, the chances of developing polycystic ovary syndrome are very high. The excess weight is the critical promoter towards polycystic syndrome.

Eating disorder: Obesity causes a change in the eating behavior with the aim of reducing weight. This can easily cause the development of the eating disorder in the patient. Some of the eating disorder experienced are bulimia and anorexia nervosa (Copstead & Banasik, 2012). The eating disorders have other complication that they may make the patient have such as brain damage, dehydration, bone loss, gastrointestinal problem, and electrolyte loss.

References

Copstead, L. C., & Banasik, J. L. (2012) Pathophysiology (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier. ISBN: 9781455726509

Hakim, N., Favretti, F., & Segato, G. (2011). Bariatric Surgery. Singapore: World Scientific.