Research Paper Example on Safe Vaccines for Global Health: Mitigating Infectious Disease Risks

Problem Statement

This study aims at finding the safety considerations and effects of new vaccine development in eradicating infectious diseases. It is an issue that arises globally and comes up whenever there is a contagious diseases like the Covid-19. The development of vaccines to infectious diseases is a continuous process, and raises questions on the safety measures and effects on the population to be sampled. The vulnerable are vaccinated to curb or boost their immunity. It may not be the case in all the scenarios, as it sometimes proves to be harmful to human health. To date, vaccine has been entirely safe or considered efficient when issued to the vulnerable or the affected, though they are not entirely effective as they cause sporadic but severe health problems. Vaccination will be a success, although its use poses a risk to the user.

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Paralytic poliomyelitis is caused by the oral polio vaccine. According to Moodley and Seay (2015), the effect occurs at a rate of 1 in a million people tested. It is still unclear as to whether the results are accidental or the vaccine causes them. Trials are usually done in small samples, therefore, making it difficult to learn more about the safety of vaccines before its administration to the public. The figure is negligible, but to eliminate the disease it is significant. There are various effects of new vaccine development, in some instances, it results in death, like the influenza vaccine that claimed one life in Hong Kong, according to World Health Organization (2004). This research will attempt to show the various repercussions resulting from the development of vaccines. There have been both positive and negative effects of the use of vaccines on human beings. Black et al. (2009) suggested that there is need to create awareness of the background rates of the possible effects as it will show the safety concerns, thus help in revealing the real worry of the vaccine, and prevent suspicious impacts thought to be brought by the vaccine but are not.

Purpose Statement

This study's objective is to examine the safety considerations and effects of new vaccine development in eradicating infectious diseases. The research seeks answers on the safety measures put in place by vaccine developers to ensure that the vaccines do not have an effect on human health. It will also describe the impact of new vaccine development in attempts to get rid of infectious diseases.

Social Significance

Vaccination plays an important role in our daily lives and how we associate with each other. It is a valuable exercise keeping in mind the movement from one continent to another, it therefore helps in reducing the spread of infectious diseases, hence, making it easier to control. Immunization helps in reducing the burden of caregiving to society. Once a particular group of people is vaccinated, they will be more immune to infectious diseases, thus reducing the burden of providing to those who are affected by contagious diseases. The process will ensure that everyone in society can provide for themselves and reduce the rate of dependence.

Vaccination helps in the economy building by ensuring that everyone is in the correct bill of health to work. Absenteeism that results from the effect of infectious diseases disrupts the process of economy building. A parent will attend to an ailing child and, therefore, fail to report to the workplace for a while, resulting in low productivity of the parent. The effect of COVID-19 on the economy is currently vast and will take a long time for the economy to stabilize. A lot of funds and workforce, which was not budgeted, is dedicated to fighting the virus. The uncertainty of when the infection will be controlled or curbed is a worrying fact that will significantly affect all nations' economies.

Vaccination has also helped in ensuring lifelong quality health and promote healthy aging. It has reduced the weight of infectious diseases on human life by ensuring that most of the people are immune to contagious diseases. It has also assured that the majority of the elderly live without health problems as they have stronger immunity. Providing better health to the elderly helps build a society as the elderly are more active in volunteering and play an important role in community projects.

Vaccination helps in the protection against illness such as paralysis of limbs and amputation of an arm or leg as it is preventable. It will, therefore, ensure that a person lives a healthy life. It will also help in preventing the outbreak of diseases that result when parents decide against vaccination. Vaccination also helps in preventing the spread of diseases from one region to another when one is traveling. According to Rappuoli et al. (2019), advancement in technology has seen the development of vaccines that are less harmful to the body and have fewer side effects.

Vaccination ensures that here is cognitive development in children. Cognitive development is the process of mental development in children and is a four-stage period, according to Piaget (1936). It will ensure that the child is prevented from experiencing brain damage and will develop to maturity without such cases. According to Liniger et al. (2007), the development of new vaccines is essential as it ensures that there is an improvement of the previous vaccine, meaning it is more effective. It is as a result of advancement in technology.

Proposal/Solutions

The essential act of vaccine testing is community involvement and informing the group of people that the vaccines are to be tested on them, so that they are aware of what to expect and know the risks they are facing. They should volunteer willingly and not forced. Through mass education, researchers should ensure they are familiar with the vaccination process and have agreed to participate in the process. According to Tombs-Heirman (2009), the government should encourage immunization to reduce resistance from parents against vaccinating their children.

Researchers should provide future support to the group that they are to administer the vaccine. It is crucial as it ensures that there is mutual benefit. The researchers need to be close to the community and provide medical support in future if needed. Duclos (2004) suggested that people who carry trials the vaccine, need attention to ensure that there are no side effects of the vaccine that is detrimental to their health. In cases where a person is suffering from the use of the vaccines, the researchers should provide medical attention to the person. Midthun et. Al (2008) suggested that information should be gathered on vaccines' safety so that those without side effects should be administered to the public, while those with side effects should have more time dedicated to research to reduce its impact on the trial sample. The vaccination should be timely done to avoid multiple immunizations that will cause an overload to the immune system, therefore, exposing children to many antigens.

References

Baylor, N. W., & Marshall, V. B. (2013). Regulation and testing of vaccines. Vaccines, 1427.Black, S.,

Black, S., Eskola, J., Siegrist, C. A., Halsey, N., MacDonald, N., Law, B., ... & Vannice, K. (2009). Importance of background rates of disease in assessment of vaccine safety during mass immunisation with pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccines. The Lancet, 374(9707), 2115-2122.

Jefferson, T. (1998). Vaccination and its adverse effects: real or perceived: Society should think about means of linking exposure to potential long term effect.

Kumar, S., Singh, S. P., Gupta, A., Rao, Y., & Taneja, S. (2016). Vaccine adverse events reporting system globally. Int J Biomed Res J, 7(3), 89-93.

Liniger, M., Zuniga, A., & Naim, H. Y. (2007). Use of viral vectors for the development of vaccines. Expert review of vaccines, 6(2), 255-266.

McLeod, S. (2018). Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. Simply Psychology.

Moodley, M., David, W. S., & Seay, A. R. (2015). Infectious or acquired motor neuron diseases. In Neuromuscluar Disorders of Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence (pp. 160-187). Academic Press.

Rappuoli, R., Black, S., & Bloom, D. E. (2019). Vaccines and global health: In search of a sustainable model for vaccine development and delivery. Science Translational Medicine, 11(497), eaaw2888.

Tombs-Heirman, E. (2009). Understanding vaccination refusal: a qualitative study of parents' health beliefs and practices