Paper Sample on U.S. Health Management in Global Context: Domestic and International Issues

Introduction

Health threats events across the globe can affect the U.S. population health. The most recent example of this includes the COVID 19 outbreak that begun late 2019, the Ebora virus that begun 2014, and the novel H1n1influenza spread in 2009 (Gagnon & Sabus, 2015). Besides domestic issues, U.S. healthcare management practices must be inclusive of global issues (McCaughey et al., 2014). General health improvement can improve the united state health, support global and national security interests (Manuel, 2018). Public health is attainable by nurturing diplomacy, economic growth, and world-wide political stability (Dasgupta et al., 2018). As the world's economies are becoming increasingly globalized, it is paramount to think of health in the global context (National Council of State Boards of Nursing, 2011). The United States should implement measures that enhance the global capacity to responding to deadly disease threats and take a leadership role to promote a comprehensive global and surveillance system to infectious diseases (Manuel, 2018). The rapid identification and management of emerging contagious infections can help in preventing international spread.

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Question 1.a

Immigrants are not likely to access the health care systems compared to a united state native-born. Not being familiar with the healthcare system may contribute to low foreign-born usage of healthcare (National Council of State Boards of Nursing, 2011). The fear of deportation also plays a significant role in their avoidance of interacting with public agencies (Zheng, 2015). The U.S. local policies make immigrants associated with lower health insurance coverage rates, hence affecting healthcare management practices (Moses et al., 2014). Differences in the socioeconomic background lead to healthcare disparity, were U.S. born population receive a higher quality of care compared to immigrants.

Question 1.b

Biological agents and bioterrorism attacks can take time before being detected. It is, therefore, one of the insidious that can breed mass casualty. Bioterrorism preparedness has become a significant issue in the U.S. local health departments (Moses et al., 2014). Disaster preparedness was not a priority concern, but the 2001 Anthrax crisis was an eye-opener. The U.S. healthcare management practices had to develop a bioterrorism response plan (Zheng, 2015). With bioterrorism events, preparedness is the most potent defense (Loewen et al., 2017). Considerable amount in healthcare management issues caters for bioterrorism preparedness strategies.

Question 1.c

Drug and alcohol addiction as a disorder that is chronically relapsing, it is a compulsive addictive substance usage despite their adverse consequences. It is increasingly becoming a global lifestyle trend (Green et al., 2019). Substances abuse inflicts immense public health harm (Fallon, 2011). Across the United States, many healthcare systems are specializing in disorder treatment (National Council of State Boards of Nursing, 2011). These systems incorporate diverse financing models and utilize a wide-ranging workforce (Manuel, 2018). They are responsible for providing integrated care addressing substance misuse disorders (Moses et al., 2014). Identification, prevention, and treatment of these patients is a task that U.S. healthcare management can't evade.

Question 1.d

Social health determinants are conditions in which someone is born, lives, and all forces shaping daily life circumstances. The current global and domestic social determinants of health include social exclusion, social connectedness, and a sense of collective or personal efficacy (Manuel, 2018). The "solid facts" publication of world health organization listed factors affecting life expectancy and health (Robert & Booske, 2011). Some of these factors include; unemployment, work, stress, social gradient, social support, and food (National Council of State Boards of Nursing, 2011). Particular society health issues social determinants can be unique to a group or maybe part of a larger society.

Question 2.a

Antimicrobial resistance happens when microorganisms, for example, parasites and fungi, change after being exposed to antimicrobial drugs such as antiviral and antifungal. Their change results in the drugs becoming ineffective hence the persistence of the infection and increment of the spreading risk (Zheng, 2015). The mechanism for new resistance is emerging and spreading across the globe; this is a critical issue to U.S. healthcare management (Manuel, 2018). It threatens the ability to treat common contagious diseases (Moses et al., 2014). Such cases prolong illnesses or disabilities and can cause deaths. It also increases health care costs.

Question 2.b

Infectious diseases are illnesses triggered by pathogenic microorganisms such as parasites, bacteria, and fungi. They can be spread directly or indirectly through body fluids (National Council of State Boards of Nursing, 2011). Everyone is susceptible to contacting these illnesses, especially those with an underlying sickness (Manuel, 2018). It is the role of U.S. healthcare management to control the spread and treat those who have contracted the disease (Moses et al., 2014). Healthcare management practitioners also advise the public on the precautionary measures implemented.

Question 2.c

An epidemic is a widespread occurrence of contagious infection at a particular time within a community or across the globe (Jiang et al., 2018). An example of an outbreak is the current COVID 19 virus that is spreading across the world (Zheng, 2015). Healthcare management systems are stretched during the epidemic to the exhaustion brink (Moses et al., 2014). To minimize the skyrocketing mortality rate, healthcare management in the U.S. has policies to prevent an extensive spread of an outbreak (Manuel, 2018). During the acute phase of the epidemic, healthcare management keeps suspects at quarantine to minimize contacts that can cause new cases.

Question 2.d

Chronic diseases are conditions that last year, and more, they require limitation of activities and constant medical attention (Manuel, 2018). Chronic diseases are a key reason for disability and death in the United States (Dasgupta et al., 2018). The most common cause of these illnesses globally is poor nutrition, lack of exercise, alcohol consumption, and age (Manuel, 2018). Older adults are more susceptible to these illnesses due to their low immune system and lack of physical activities (Moses et al., 2014). Elderly chronic diseases have emerged to be a burden to U.S. healthcare management due to its increased financial demand.

Question 3.a

There are currently many issues that are relevant to the united state healthcare management. The problem that has impacted the largest population is the general healthcare management issue (National Council of State Boards of Nursing, 2011). There is an enormous impact of waste, abuse, and fraud created by health providers (Betts & Balan-Cohen, 2018). Approximately 46 % of all low-cost services are unnecessary (Zheng, 2015). They are compounded by providers who order additional procedures and tests to avoid liability issues (Grogan, 2017). Patients can also be part of this issue. From preventive medicine to American institute, 55% of visits to the emergency room, and about 25% of visits to physicians are unnecessary (Moses et al., 2014). Filtering out these unnecessary visits and wastage can control costs leading to better management of expensive costs (Madden & Khan, 2017). Information technology also raises some insecurity issues (Peiter et al., 2017). In the past years, there has been a marked increase in U.S. cyber-attacks, which led to compromised records causing tremendous loss.

Question 3.b

The economic challenge facing domestic and global healthcare management is the issue with the most severe impact. U.S. healthcare management is mitigated by the emergence of mergers among health providers (Dasgupta et al., 2018). Economic factors such as employment, education, and income significantly affect U.S. healthcare management (Zheng, 2015). It affects the ability of individuals to make any healthy choices, manages stress, affords proper housing, and medical care (Dasgupta et al., 2018). Therefore, the economic challenge is one of the most relevant healthcare management issues with a more significant effect.

Question 3.c

The first healthcare management issue, according to WHO, is the financial issues found in a healthcare organization. The sustained increase in federal-state spending over the past decades is projected to continue (Fleming, 2011). Healthcare is under public scrutiny from the repeated price hike of vital drugs (Dasgupta et al., 2018). Payment for services to some providers can be delayed detracting their value-centered care focus (National Council of State Boards of Nursing, 2011). Many patient don't understand the complexity of the billing process, and this is part of the problem (Dasgupta et al., 2018). Regulatory issues also impact the U.S. healthcare financial, the affordable care act (ACA) impact health providers as they have to pay to adapt to new changes.

Question 4.a

Social media is now part of the majority of healthcare organizations' communications and marketing strategies. In the U.S., more than 99% of hospitals operate a Facebook page, and there is an increased number establishing a presence in other platforms such as Instagram and Twitter (National Council of State Boards of Nursing, 2011). Therefore, social media is not an option; advertising and social networking are critical components of an overarching digital marketing strategy (Dasgupta et al., 2018). One of the positive effects attached to social media in healthcare management practice is that it opens up more health systems opportunities (Kovner & D'Aunno, 2017). Assist organizations in building links, share their discovery, and also develop credibility (Moses et al., 2014). Through social networks, healthcare systems receive patients' feedback and share health alerts (Sak et al., 2015). The online communications bolster the health systems brand, creates trust, and establishes a foundation of a positive relationship.

Question 4.b

A colossal number of U.S. health facilities are positive about social networks. Despite the many benefits that they may reap from their association with an online site, it is good to note the likely adverse effects associated with the use of social media (Moses et al., 2014). Physicians are usually fully occupied, and this leaves them with little time for any relevant online post (Kovner & D'Aunno, 2017). A published post can violate the privacy of a patient or increase malware or hackers' vulnerability (Dasgupta et al., 2018). Maintaining online professionalism is also a concern for U.S. healthcare systems (Moses et al., 2014). Physicians are concerned that their patients can lose respect if they happen to share incorrect information.

Question 4.c

Social media sites are becoming a potential source of health information in the U.S., About 60% of internet users apply it to search for health-related information (Gagnon & Sabus, 2015). Individuals with chronic diseases or in need of regular health provide and younger age groups have a high likelihood of consulting online health-related services.