Paper Sample on Successful Pancreatic Extract Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction

The Research report by F. G. Banting, C. H. Best, W. R. Campbell, and A. A. Fletcher on "Pancreatic Extracts in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus" claims successful extraction of the pancreatic extract from foetal pancreatic tissue demonstrates its physiological activities in diabetic animals. The extraction, under careful control, relatively low toxicity, and temperature present, showed pharmacological actions of the extract in human diabetes mellitus. The report also claims clinical observation of the experiment justifies blood sugar levels could be reduced to even normal values. Glycosuria could be eradicated, and that the acetone bodies in urine could be eliminated. The respiratory quotient results indicated an increased utilization of carbohydrates. Finally, the clinical test of the pancreatic extracts on diabetic patients observed definite improvement in patients' general conditions and increased vigor. Although the experience presents a breakthrough in the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus, it is not novel research and instead is a build on and improvement of previously done analyses. The study correctly builds on Allen F. M's research, "Glycosuria and Diabetes, Cambridge, 1913." The author also makes claims of "reinvestigating the problem" (141).

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Discussion

The authors have extensively provided adequate proof of the findings and claims. The study results recorded an increase in respiratory exchange in diabetic dogs from 0.7 to 1.0. The clinical tests carried out on seven diabetes mellitus cases in Toronto General Hospital with success. The results observed on the patient were parallel to those observed in depancreatized animals, including reducing blood sugar levels, raised respiratory quotient, and patients reported relief from the disease subjective symptoms. The case of the 14-year-old patient L. T provided concrete proof of the claims. Before the experiment, the patient's urine acidity was extremely strong with specific gravity of 10.30 to 10.40 gins. The patient blood sugar levels were very high. Tests for ketones strongly positive with blood sugar as high as 5.8 mg. per c.c. During the treatment (experiment), the patient registered significant improvements as indicated by the provided statistical data. For instance, the study shows that the patient’s urine acidity reduced to 7.5 gins to 45.1 gins. The acetone bodies in urine disappeared and the patient became more active, brighter, and physically looked better. The study also provides a detailed graphical presentation of the experiment results and observations. The author classified the above case as one of the worst, thus proving that the experiment was a success and the results prove all the made claims.

The paper has used the OSCOLA referencing format. Although the authors have cited previous literature, they have provided minimal information to judge if the citations are appropriate successfully. Mering and Minkowski (1889) research resulted in fatal and severe fatal diabetes by removing the pancreases in dogs. This experience resulted in many investigators attempts to obtain beneficial effects in diabetes either through pancreatic extracts admission or through feeding pancreas. Minkowski and Sandameyer (1895), Pfluger's (1907) studies found no benefits but harmful effects on feeding pancreas. Rennie and Fraser (1907) study recognized the possibility that pancreatic enzymes could have detrimental effects on the internal secretions. E. L. Scott (1912) study sought to abolish proteolytic enzymes effect by using alcoholic extracts of the pancreas. The study findings did not have any significant conclusion on G-N. Ratio or reduction in the urinary sugar when extracts were made with acidulated water. Lastly, a study by Allen (1913) found that pancreatic extracts had no clinical value whatsoever.

The study lacks a clearly stated methodology. Although one can tell that the study used an experimental design, the authors have provided the procedures they used to conduct both experiments. However, the research has highlighted the principles used in the extraction, storage, admission, and other critical conditions during the extraction and admission processes. The authors have also highlighted that a more detailed methodological manuscript will be made available on a later date. Nonetheless, the results of both experiments have been apparent and easy to understand. The graphical presentation of the study findings and observations are readable, relevant, and can be easily be interpreted. The study findings and the graphical display clearly support the researcher's hypothesis. However, there is a considerable gap in statistical analysis. The study lacks data viability and does not provide any statistical test to prove the viability and accuracy of the data. Besides, it is not clear on what basis was the sample selected and whether the experience can be replicated on a different sample population.

The study is one of the medical breakthroughs and thus, there is still so much that will need to be further studied. For instance, the study found it challenging to provide the correct amount of dosage. Thus, further studies on controlling the dosage as well as increasing the shelf life of the pancreatic extractions from one month to a long time will be necessary.

The research study is an outstanding paper in the field of medicine and physiology in general. Not only does it present a breakthrough discovery in the field of medicine, but the article also gives an area that will attract further research from a diverse medical perspective. The study also presents a groundbreaking solution to the world's leading cause of death.

Conclusion

This paper will be interesting for a variety of personnel. However, it will be fascinating to primary medical practitioners, such as physicians, because they spend the most time with patients and thus understanding the principles and how the medication they prescribe with be critical. Other scientific fields majoring in human anatomy, physiology, clinical medicine, and pharmacy will also be interested since the study impact on these fields. The study has combines principles from various fields and mainly focuses on medical solutions. It has laid a foundation for further research from multiple medical domains.

The manuscript has used simple language and has handled medical jargon sparingly, making it easier for non-specialists to understand. The document is also relatively short compared to the traditional scientific manuscripts. Also, it has used a graph to present the results and findings graphically and also explained the figures in detail.

The study lacks a well-stated methodology. Although one can tell that the study used an experimental design, the authors have provided the procedures they used to conduct both experiments. The study lacks data viability and does not offer any statistical test to prove the viability and accuracy of the data. Besides, it is not clear on what basis was the sample selected and whether the experience can be replicated on a different sample population.

The study will need the IRB regulatory protocol. The IRB protocol is established to protect the welfare and rights of human research subjects recruited to participate in research activity CITATION Ore \l 1033 (Oregon State University, n.d.). Since this study requires testing the pancreatic extraction on human subjects, they will thus need to fall within the jurisdiction of both the federal and the institution policies.

References

Banting, F. G., Best, C. H., Campbell, W. R., & Fletcher, A. A. (1922). Pancreatic Extracts In The Treatment Of Diabetes Mellitus Preliminary. Canadian Medical Journal, 141-146.

Oregon State University. (n.d.). What is the Institutional Review Board (IRB)? Retrieved from Oregon State University: https://research.oregonstate.edu/irb/frequently-asked-questions/what-institutional-review-board-irb#:~:text=The%20Institutional%20Review%20Board%20(IRB)%20is%20an%20administrative%20body%20established,with%20which%20it%20is%20affiliated.