How Would the Nurse Actualize Parse's Theory of Human Becoming?

Introduction

Human Becoming theory emphasises the provision of more client-centred care requiring nurses to plan interventions founded on non-judgemental values. It downplays the predominance of biomedical approach where healthcare appears restricted to treatments likened to fixing faulty parts. Parse's theory considers humans as both co-participants and unitary beings, thereby a foundation to offer holistic nursing practice (Smith & Parker, 2015). As such, it creates opportunities for the nurse to participate in multidimensional healing since human beings change constantly and unpredictably. Guided by the principles of human becoming, it recognises the importance of involving the patient's family in the care process.

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In Ben's case, the human becoming theory recommends encouragement and extending support to the bereaved husband. By doing so, Ben requires reassurance and support by extending kindness and compassion. The hospice nurse should express a family-centred relationship by listening to Ben and according him proper respect. As a Parse's nurse, the human becoming theory compels understanding the patient's family perception, their priorities and requirements (Gabutti, Mascia, & Cicchetti, 2017). Ben required humanising care that would comfort him for the impending loss of his spouse. Maintaining the true presence to listen to Ben descriptions and memories with the wife extends comforting input to withstand the grief.

The true presence here would involve expressing silence as the family member grieves the loss. Such an occurrence would apply as Ben gave memories of their life together with Ann. Here, embracing a consoling presence is an essential ingredient to extending the peaceful and quiet atmosphere. Human Becoming theory emphasises synchronisation of rhythm, thereby requiring silent presence and caring touch to encourage bereaved open up and express their feelings (Tornoe, Danbolt, Kvigne, & Sorlie, 2014). It necessitates emphatic listening to support the emotional pain felt in the attempt to accept Ann's death as he expresses his thoughts and feelings on Jessie and Abe. Sensing the room atmosphere would deliver mediating consolation to Ben by moderating the conversation to overcome the alienating gaps that arise in solitary suffering.

Characteristics of Human Becoming Nurse

Parse's Human Becoming theory argues for mutual interaction between the caregivers and the rhythmical patterns of the prevailing environment. Its adoption requires the nurse to exhibit solid communication skills and emotional stability. It helps the nurse to know when to listen, speak and intervene when engaging the patient and family members (Broome, 2015). Solid communication skills would enable the nurse to assume advocacy role on behalf of the patient and comfort the bereaved family to accept human suffering. Secondly, human becoming nurses should be empathetic and compassionate to the patient and family members (Tornoe, Danbolt, Kvigne, & Sorlie, 2014). The capability to empathise would assist the nurse offer meaningful support and compassion without becoming hard and cynical.

Equally, they should have good interpersonal skills to handle stress and maintain cheerful communication with colleagues, patients and their families. The possession of good problem-solving skills would help the nurse take quick decisions to address situations. Here, quickness in thinking abilities would help the nurse attain responsiveness desired for the demanding workplace where decisions involve life and death matters. Lastly, the perception of patients as co-partners and co-authors under Human Becoming theory necessitates showing respect for other people (Smith & Parker, 2015). Such involves remaining impartial and mindful of confidentiality.

Strength and Weaknesses to Human Becoming Theory of Nursing

The Human Becoming theory prioritises the quality of life in the provision of nursing care using the person's perspective. Its strength lies in the emphasis for true presence as a necessity for providing holistic nursing. It replaces the mechanic provision of healthcare with client-oriented care to improve quality of life (Smith & Parker, 2015). Again, it demonstrates the need for active input for nursing professionals towards enhancing the open nature of human beings to bear responsibility freely. Its argument constitutes a framework for guiding administration, education and provision of holistic care. It offers a detailed guide complementing the inquiries of other theories including hope and grief.

Nevertheless, it assumptions create closed circle research whose results are unquantifiable. It overlooks the aspect that every patient has unique experiences that vary with the medical condition (Olney, 2017). Lastly, patient-centred approach compels expertise and capability to nurture social bonds thus inapplicable to novice nurses.

Challenges Exist for Healthcare Institutions to Switch to This Nursing Approach?

Healthcare institutions confront resistance to change the traditional care pathways where practitioners stuck to the usual approach to caregiving. The existence of power relationships built around the physicians is troublesome to replace. Additionally, healthcare institutions experience an emphasis on technological aspects of healthcare provision and devotion to biomedical knowledge (Moore, Britten, Lydahl, Naldemirci, Elam & Wolf, 2017). The process leaves most patients as passive recipients, thereby masking their co-participation input. Time constraints hamper the implementation of the client-centred approach with practitioners stuck in the biomedical delivery. Professional attitudes are the greatest barrier to embracing the human becoming approach since it requires conscious effort. Moreover, physicians likely slip to old thinking thereby making attempts to change the existing attitude difficult (Moore, et al., 2017).

Parse’s Understanding of Transcendence Guide the Nurse

Parse transcendence views human becoming as multidimensional through mutual interaction with the emerging possibilities. It provides a framework that emphasises striving beyond the personal limits (Olney, 2017). By doing so, it would require the nurse to show genuine compassion and care to the Ben who at that time was into memories they had together with his wife, Ann. Such would require active listening to the griever to help organise one's feelings and thoughts. It compels the nurse to exercise compassion by maintaining a calm presence (Tornoe, Danbolt, Kvigne, & Sorlie, 2014). The nurse should observe silence to offer Ben the space to express himself in his own time to process memories and emotions without interruption. Although Ann was a hospice patient, the nurse should provide non-judgemental compassion. It will require acknowledging his grief, embrace this actions and conversation as acceptance of their experiences. Lastly, the nurse should offer extended relaxing space by maintaining the presence and listen to Ben talk.

Applying Orem Self-Care Deficit Theory

Dorthea Orem theory of self-care deficit argues that individuals have a natural capability to adapt to their environment. Its central philosophy emphasises independence to allow the person wish to self-care. Orem believed that individuals are capable of attaining holistic and faster recovery if allowed to optimise their self-care abilities (Smith & Parker, 2015). It requires the nurse to identify self-care requisites that occur when the individual is unable to overcome the deficits by defining the support modalities. Its application in Ann's death would involve offering providing non-judgemental compassion to Ben by embracing his conversations through presence. It would require the nurse to give him adequate space for privacy. The nurse should avoid making assumptions about Ben's feelings and instead offer a non-judgemental environment. The nurse should avoid talking about Ann's death instead to accommodate the husband's reaction. The nurse should console through silence and sense the room's atmosphere to allow Ben to exercise self-care and accept Ann's death.

Care Plan

The plan development features a framework to provide support to the bereaved individuals for them to cope with the loss of loved ones. Its accomplishment in Ann's case would require a strong nurse-family relationship sustained during the grieving period. Firstly, the plan will feature creating a non-judgemental environment for allowing the husband exercise self-care to withstand and accept Ann's death. By doing so, the nurse will console Ben through comforting silence blend with active presence. The brevity of the situation in Ann's death amidst the loss of Jessie and Abe compels the nurse to avoid immediate conversation till Ben exhausts expressing his feelings.

Next, the nurse should console through a measured conversation by encouraging Ben to talk about their feelings. This process will involve orienting the bereaved individual to the hospice follow-up program to promote acceptance and closure. Guided by the human becoming theory, the nurse will offer real assistance by letting the bereaved know the available support channels in the hospice. It would be prudent to inform Ben of existing support groups that handle similar cases before placement. Here, Ben will access individual counselling and psychotherapy sessions to assist him to cope with the loss. Again, a follow-up support forum featuring friends, family and colleagues visits to help complement self-care in the grieving process. Lastly, the nurse should extend an invitation to Ben accompanied by family members and colleagues to participate in the memorial service facilitated by the hospice. Doing so will link the bereaved to informal support systems to assist Ben to rediscover and adjust their life settings.

References

Broome, M. E. (2015). Nurse leaders can shape ethical cultures. Nursing Outlook, 63, 377 - 378.

Gabutti, I., Mascia, D., & Cicchetti, A. (2017). Exploring "Patient-centered" Hospitals: a Systematic Review to Understand Change. BMC Health Services Research, 17. doi:10.1186/s12913-017-2306-0

Moore, L., Britten, N., Lydahl, D., Naldemirci, O., Elam, M., & Wolf, A. (2017). Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of personcentred care in different healthcare contexts. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 31(4), 662-673. doi:10.1111/scs.12376

Olney, T. L. (2017, April 12). Merging human becoming theory and health coaching principles into the role of the family nurse practitioner. Theses and Graduate Projects, 42, 1-53. Retrieved August 24, 2018, from htps://idun.augsburg.edu/etd/42

Smith, M. C., & Parker, M. E. (2015). Nursing Theory and the Discipline of Nursing (4 ed.). Boca Raton: F. A. Davis Company.

Tornoe, K. A., Danbolt, L. J., Kvigne, K., & Sorlie, V. (2014). The power of consoling presence - hospice nurses' lived experience with spiritual and existential care for the dying. BMC Nursing, 13(25), 1-8. doi:10.1186/1472-6955-13-25