Essay Sample on Subdural and Extradural Hemorrhage

Introduction

Differentiating subdural hemorrhage (SDH) from Extradural (EDH) in the head is mostly straightforward, but conveniently it may be challenging. The SDHs are usually familiar with distinguishing features. The pathophysiology of epidural hematoma occurs when the blood dissects the potential space which is between the inner table and the Dura of the skull. It happens mostly when the skull has a fracture of about 80%- 95% cases. There could be harmful to a venous vessel or to the arterial vessel which let the blood in dissecting onto the actual epidural room which has resulted in the epidural hematoma. The much rare vessel harms it the Meningeal artery which underlines the temporoparietal surface of the skull. While then subdural hematoma path physiology has multiple causes which include spontaneous, vascular abnormality rupture, coagulopathy, and the head trauma. In most cases, the head trauma has caused a lot of motion of the brain which is relative to the skull which could stretch by breaking the blood vessels hence transverse from the mind which is the thinking part to the skull. If at all there is damage on the blood vessels, they will eventually bleed into the subdural space (Chung, D. Y. F. 2012).

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The sources of extradural haematoma and the subdural hematoma is that in EDH almost and always explains the continuing growth of the hematoma which classically is due to the injury on the middle meningeal artery, which is a branch to the maxillary artery hence, while the SDH is almost always veined due to the tearing off in the subdural cortical veins which mostly extends to the dural sinuses. The difference on their appearance and distribution is EDH is typically crescentic that is it is biconcave, lens-shaped, and lemon-shaped and don't transverse through the continuity with the outer Periosteal layer. While the appearance of subdural haematona is typically concave and resembles banana shaped and it is more extensive than the EDH.

The patient with SDH should be treated immediately by ensuring there are adequate airway, circulation, and breathing. Intubation has to be considered if the patient health is deteriorating and has a GCS of 8 or less. Hence the need for an immediate neurosurgical consultation has to be obtained as the need for an emergency might be required in evacuating the SDH. The treatment to SDH is an evacuation, but it mainly depends on the location and size other SDH may be watched for resolution. The need for non-surgical treatment includes the repeat imaging in ensuring reversal of anticoagulation, subdural stability, platelet transfusion or the dysfunctional platelets, controlling hypertension, assessment on deterioration - the controversy has been there due to the use of steroids if it can be able to stabilize the size of subdural hematoma in giving convenient time to reabsorb on the surgical treatment. Therefore the surgical procedure includes the following burr holes, twist drill hole, and the craniotomy for the evacuation. Hence, it is s suggests that the twist drill hole should be used because it has the lowest complications on surgery with high recurrence rate (Chung, D. Y. F. 2012).

The type of injury the driver experienced is the concussion which occurred due to the impact on the head which may be severe to the brain injury. This type of injury is thought to results from the brain hitting against the walls of the skull or the forces of the sudden deceleration and acceleration. In general, the loss of the function associated on the concussion is temporary. Therefore, continuous shocks can eventually lead to one having permanent head damage. The treatment depends on the severely associated with the symptoms. Thus, one may need an operation or other medical treatment procedures if one has: bleeding in the brain, a severe injury on the brain and swelling on the brain. However, in most cases, concussions cause headaches, where the doctor can recommend over-the-counter pain relievers tablets like acetaminophen or ibuprofen this helps in reducing pain (In Zakharova et al. 2014).

The doctor advises you also on getting plenty of rests, by avoiding strenuous activities and avoids sports, avoiding also riding a bicycle or driving a vehicle for quite some time, that is depending on the type of injury on is subjected to. It is also essential to awaken someone periodically who have suffered traumatic brain injury for example if an individual has suffered consciousness or due to concussions, to enable in knowing if the personal health is deteriorating or not. If someone is not aroused, it will be indicative of an extreme situation. While someone is in the hospital and has suffered a severe bleeding or a bad injury, it is li8kely for someone to undergo an MRI or CT scan to enable easy identification of the fractured skull, the area of bleeding or the damage. Hence, it is good to awaken someone within a few hours in allowing checking someone so as not getting worse. Thus, it right for someone to sleep when tired of enabling one her in recovery (Yachnis et al. 2013).

Conclusion

Conclusively, it is significant concern that if someone experiences a severe injury, the person should call the treatment personnel with the number 911, this is because the personnel has trained employees who know on how to handle them with care, therefore, saving most of the lives.

References

Chung, D. Y. F. (2012). Emergency cross-sectional radiology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

In Zakharova, N., In Kornienko, V. N., In Potapov, A. A., & In Pronin, I. N. (2014). Neuroimaging of traumatic brain injury.

Yachnis, A. T., & Rivera-Zengotita, M. L. (2013). Neuropathology. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders.