Essay Sample on Childhood Obesity in United States

Introduction

Identification of the study is being reflected in the introduction part of the research study. Since it is the base of the whole study, it must be supported by the facts. This is because those facts are used in backing the arguments which are being presented in the study. For example, the topic under study concerns with associations of the level of income and obesity as well as the physical fitness of children in California State. In this case, the introduction has to give a clear picture of how obesity is being distributed in that state of California. According to the article which is being reviewed, the identification of the study or problem statement is well put due to the following aspects which are highlighted. The research hypothesis is being stated is being stated clearly. It is being stated in the article that Obese in children, as well as physical inactivity, are among the major health challenges or concerns (Jin, & Jones-Smith, 2015). This statement is being supported by giving the statistics that about 32.0% of the children in the United States of America are said to be obese. In addition, it is being stated not more than 37.0% of the students who can be recommended to have met physical activity criteria which requires them to be involved in activity at least 1 hour in a day.

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Another article has suggested that the occurrence of obesity to childhood in the United States of America has seen to rise dramatically over the past three decades. In those three decades, obese in children has increased from 6.0% to 7.0% between those who aged between 12 - 19 years (Babey, Hastert, Wolstein, & Diamant, 2010). The recent data which comes from the (N HANES) survey has shown that there is also a steady increase in obesity in children nationally. It is being discovered that those rates still remain high with the approximation that almost 20.0% of the young kid and adolescents in the United States of America are considered to be obese.

According to the above-mentioned statistics, it can be seen that more than half of the children have not met the required criteria, it is therefore concluded that most children in the United States of America have the high risk of becoming obese in reaching their maturity an aspect which is being associated with comorbidities. However, on the other hand, physical inactivity is being categorized as a very independent factor that results in obesity and cardiovascular disease among the kids. In addition to that, the statistics also show that the cases of obesity of adolescents still exists which brings to the attention the factors which might lead to this situation.

It is being discovered that the social economic status commonly abbreviated as SES has played a major role in both the rises of obesity cases in children as well as doubting levels of physical fitness. Low social economic status is seen to be one barrier to the physical activity as well as poor eating habits among children and adolescents, especially in California states. The former studies have indicated that kids who come from low SES have a higher probability of being obese in comparison to the children who come from high SES (Jin, & Jones-Smith, 2015). Although there is an aspect of racial or ethnic disparities and obesity in children, no much details have been given about it in relation to the social economic status. However, data from NHANES has indicated that SES is connected with lesser risk for the obese case only amongst white kids.

The article has also used both independent and dependent variables for the purpose of making that study identification was developed well. The dependent variables for assessing physical fitness included aerobic capacity, abdominal strength as well as endurance, upper body endurance and strength, body composition, BMI (Jin, & Jones-Smith, 2015)... All these factors were being used in determining the level of obesity for Children in the United States of America. On the other hand, the independent variable (Family Income) some of the factors which were assessed included eligibility of the children of the reduced - price meal which was grounded on the families having 185% poverty level.

Therefore it can be said that appropriate research design has been used in the identification of the study. This is because the hypothesis has been supported by research facts from relevant bodies and figures. In addition to that, there is considering various factors in both dependent and independent variables on determining the situation of obesity amongst children in California. Including all those factors means that the identification of the study has the base or roots and its development in other chapters will become easy.

Description of Methods

The study used factors such as physical fitness, the anthropometric as well as social demographic data which was being obtained from the department of education, California. This is because the public school, as well as charter schools with the State of California, were required to carry out a test of physical appropriateness annually to the 5th, 7th, and 9th students which means that the sampling method used was stratified. This test was being documented for every child and being forwarded to the education department in California (Jin, & Jones-Smith, 2015). There was an aspect of including race and ethnicity which was distributed on the stratified groups ranging from 1 to 8.

The number of students who were tested between the year 2010 and 2012 amounted to 1,724,498.0. Out of these scholars, almost a quarter of them had the misplaced information in relation to [NLSP]. The method of data collection can be said to be census since it was done periodically (annually). In the period of three years, the data of students in all schools in California State was collected and being recorded for the purpose of easy comparison of the level of obesity.

Concerning data analysis, it was done through the use of Statistical analyses which was performed with the use of Strata version 12. The multiple linear regression models were used to test the connection between the income of the family and the fitness separately. The Log-binomial models were being selected since the obesity is commonly known and in this case, the odd proportional or ratios overrode or overestimated the risk proportion (Jin, & Jones-Smith, 2015). This was in relation to the relative risk of the obese cases in comparison to the kids which comes from low income earning families to those who come from well up families.

When it came to developing the statistical model building, there was the visual check of whether race or ethnicity has anything to do relationship between an income of the family and the individual dependent variables which are BMI, fitness score and obesity. When the three factors were being interacted in the technique of the full model, it was noted that all the variables were significant which means that race and ethnicity played a major role in raising and development of obesity as well as physical fitness for the children schooling and residing in California State.

The level of significance can be said to go in hand with the hypothesis being developed. In the part of the identification of the study, the aspect being discussed is that there issue of obesity and physical unfitness has become the major concern to most kids of the United States of America. This is being supported by the corresponding figures being presented there. This is also reflected in the number of students who are being tested in for obesity in California State in three years. It is being noted that the number of students being tested for obesity and physical unfitness amounted to 1,724,498.0 whereby it was found that more than 50 % were victims of these circumstances.

From the way this section is being presented, it can be said that methods are adequate. This is because there is a full description of how the study is done from a collection of information, how it is being recorded and finally how it is being recorded. Since the information is very much comprehensive and detailed, any researcher who inspires to the research concerning the same topic or close to the one under study would replicate the study based on the information being presented in this article.

Summary of the Results

About the results, it was found that approximately 56.0% of the kids were qualified to the NSLP. In comparison with the illustration of the total population, ethnic aspect (Latino and African American) children were not evenly represented for children with extreme lower income (Smith, Colon-Ramos, Pinard & Yaroch, 2016). In addition to that, it was also noted that white and Asian children were also not evenly represented in the category of families with higher income. Furthermore, it was discovered that the unadjusted mean weight of the children who come from the low earning family was estimated to be 2.5 kg higher compared to those children came from higher income earning families. The BMI score was reported to be 0.370 units more for children from low earning families which suggested that they were at higher risk of obesity actually almost as twice compared to children coming from high income earning families (Jin, & Jones-Smith, 2015). I the matter of physical fitness, it was also found that those children from low income earning families were less fit physically compared to their counterparts from higher income earning families.

The personal views in relation to the results are that those children coming from low income earning families are supposed to be free from obesity. This is because it is known that one of the reasons unto why children become obesity is through unhealthy food consumption, especially junk foods. These junk foods are sometimes expensive and not many average families are able to feed their children with this kind of food. On the aspect of physical fitness, the view is that children from higher income earning families can be only become fit if they adhere to practice. This is because they do not have any problem concerning feed which means their metabolic rate is high. On the other hand, those children coming from the other extreme of low income earning families may be starving and become less vigorous to be involved in the exercise. This may make them become physically unfit.

Strengths and Limitations

The strength of the study is that it is being organized well in a systematic way which gives the required flow of the research of the study. For example, the study is being introduced through the identification of the study. Since the given topic is about physical fitness and obesity among children in relation to the social economic status among children in California State, there must be a clear definition of the situation of the ground in order to pave the way for the study. This is known as the problem statement and it must be highlighted within the study in a manner that is easily understood. This problem statement or identifying the reason for carrying out the research must be valid in both internally and externally. Internal validation is usually extracted from the external validation and in this research study, it is being clearly indicated. First, there is stating of the hypothesis that physical unfitness together with obesity in children has become among the greatest challenge that facing the United States of America. This hypothesis is further subjected to another inner variable which states incorporate the aspect of the financial stability of the background of the children. It can be said that the hypothesis is being supported well externally by the kind of figures and statistics is given. This is because the article suggests that more than 30.0% of children in the United States of America are victims of both being ob...