Essay on Hot Working Process: Deforming Metals Above Recrystallization Temperature

Introduction

The hot working process is the procedure of deforming metals above the recrystallization temperature. The recrystallization temperature is crucial because it allows for the metal materials to deform effectively. Additionally, the recrystallization process helps to keep the content from being strained, which keeps the hardness and yield strength ductility and low high. Many types of working, including extrusion, forging, rolling, and drawing, are done with the hot working process (Fuller, 2015).

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Why the source should be controlled

It is crucial to control the hot working process because the unexpected release of flammable, reactive, and toxic gases and liquids are released during the procedure of melting the metals. These substances are highly flammable and hazardous and, thus, harmful to human health. Incidents are daily reported in numerous industries that utilize highly flammable and dangerous chemicals, which are reactive, toxic, explosive, and flammable. Regardless of the industries using these metals and chemicals, the hot working process is hazardous and dangerous, and this creates a ground for disaster (Fuller, 2015). Therefore, it is imperatively vital to consider controlling the source for enhancing the safety of workers.

The basic plot of the workplace

A hot work process can be the source of ignition when hazardous materials are present and can be fire hazards. The normal hot work process involves soldering, welding, brazing, cutting and burning, and the usage of powder-actuated tools and fire emitting operations. It is essentially a requirement for employers dealing with the hot working process to ensure there is a complete written process of safety procedure and information that guide workers in performing hazardous work (Fuller, 2015).

The objective of the project

This project aims to devise a thorough, systematic, orderly approach for evaluating, controlling hazardous materials emitted in a hot working process. The project aims to come up with a plan for enhancing the safety of workers in such a risky.

Potential achievements at the end of the project

At the end of the project, we will have safety measures at a place to ensure the hot working process is healthy for workers.

Necessary tools for measurements and evaluation

• Surveys
• Observation
• Case studies
• Focus groups
• Interviews

Description of the available control systems in the current workplace, their advantages, and disadvantages

The staff and management of healthcare should strive to ensure that the OSH objectives are achieved in alignment with the set organization policies (Mendeloff & Gray, 2016). The following are measurable criterion objectives that healthcare organizations should take into account for enhancing safety management.

The organizations must ensure that all the staffs and relevant workers are trained and acquitted with the best safety practices

The management should strive towards enhancing zero-life-loss in the workplace

Maintaining, implementing and developing the OSHSM policy in confinement with the OHSAS standards

Prioritization of the environmental protection and quality assurance together with consideration of other key objectives.

The Appropriateness and Location of the System

The general dilution ventilation system is an engineering control measure. This system seeks to reduce the level of risks in a working environment. The system will be useful since it will help to remove contaminated air in the machining lines and bring in the fresh air. The best location for the fans to make them useful on the ceilings and the sidewalls of the buildings (Fuller, 2015). In this location, they will take in the maximum fresh air to the building.

Evaluating Effectiveness

The tracer gas method will help to test for the effectiveness of the system. The test will involve the observation and determination of sample gases released at one point in the building (Bennett et al., 2017). They will be uses of different flow rates and observation made when the ventilation system is present and when it is absent. The reduction of the concentration in the presence of the stem will prove its effectiveness.

Hierarchy of control for this work condition

Substitution and elimination - significant changes in procedures and equipment are useful for substituting or eliminating the hazardous materials in the hot working process

Engineering controls - they are favorable over the personal and administrative machinery for monitoring of workers' exposure in the warm working metal workplace. They are purposely designed to removing hazards at the metal melting source before they come into contact with the workers.

PPE and Administrative Controls - frequently utilized with other controlling processes where hazardous materials are well managed and controlled. The programs are relatively inexpensive but costly to sustain.

General and local ventilation systems

Standard Frame Ejection Curtain

The ejection curtains help in protecting the operators from any flying objects. The operators can see the place of operation. The lightweight black meshes are easy to install. They also increase the penetration of natural light, thus increasing visibility.

Ballistic Protection Blanket

This is an additional engineering control measure to the frame ejection curtain. They are useful in extreme presses during operation. The blanket will contain the broken pieces, thus protecting both the operators and the surrounding equipment.

Local exhaust ventilation system

This system involves the filtering or the treatment of the contaminated air in a building. The system considered for the hand welding section is the cyclone method. Since the particles are much more massive, passing them through the cyclone, followed by a sudden change in velocity will result in the particles separating from the air. The collection of the particle will be on hoppers, and the treated air recirculated into the area. The system considered for the paint booth will be the use of HEPA(High-Efficiency Particulate Air) filters (Lo et al., 2017). The entry of fresh air will move the contaminated air through the filtes; as a result, the particulate matter will attach themselves in the filter, and the fresh air collected on the outlet end.

Comparison with standards

This system involves the filtering or the treatment of the contaminated air in a building. The system considered for the hand welding section is the cyclone method. Since the particles are much more massive, passing them through the cyclone, followed by a sudden change in velocity will result in the particles separating from the air. The collection of the particle will be on hoppers, and the treated air recirculated into the area. The system considered for the paint booth will be the use of HEPA(High-Efficiency Particulate Air) filters (Lo et al., 2017). The entry of fresh air will move the contaminated air through the filters; as a result, the particulate matter will attach themselves in the filter, and the fresh air collected on the outlet end.

Fan specifications

This ceiling fan is a classic type of fan. It has the most adorable bronze finishing on the blades that make it appealing. You are also provided a powerful motor to run the ceiling fan and enable it to give you a cold room that you are comfortable with. The motor is also reversible, and with this feature, you can use the fan in any season. During the hot summer, you will use the downdraft mode that ensures cool air is blown to the room. During the cold winter season, you can use the updraft mode that guarantees the warm air is retained, making your room comfortable for the season (Binti Hussin et al., 2015). It is fitted with three LED bulbs with an energy capacity of 6 watts and with frosted glass shades. The bulb will provide the necessary light to enable you to see around your house since they are bright enough. There is a pull chain that is used to switch the fan on and off and also used to control the various settings as the speed you want the fan running. This ceiling fan is perfect for the low ceiling houses as it is small in size.

Personal protective devices

A hood is the component of the LEV that functions to allow the inlet of the contaminated air into the system. The process will involve the use of downdraft hood for the hand welding sections; this is to make sure that all the particulate matter will fall into the cyclone (Binti Hussin et al., 2015. For the paint booth, a booth hood is the best option which will cover the entire painting area. The hoods will then conduct the contaminants to the treatment components via the air ducts.

Recommendations

In designing the hydraulic press engineering control system, the following data will be necessary (York Precision Machining & Hydraulics, 2019).

The number of locks required in the operation of the system will help in determining safety measures in case of a failure.

The locking capacity of the press, which will help in determining the extent to which objects can fly.

The length of the stroke; the length to which a piston moves will be useful in determining the length of the curtains.

The cylinder information, its capacity, and material to determine the protection measures.

The maximum number of operators in the press area will help to determine the level of caution required.

How the general ventilation system can impact the employees i

The general ventilation system is a critical engineering control to regulate and remove contaminants released in the hot working process. It is one of the preferable ways of controlling employees exposure to harmful contaminants (Bennett, 2017). Other methods of controlling contaminants include:

Process change

Elimination of hazardous materials or chemicals

Work practice changes

Calculations

Capture velocity of 100 ft per minute

Width = 12 in. and Length =24 in and 24 in. from the weld

Flowrate Q = Area x velocity.

Area = length x width = 1 ft x 2 ft = 2 ft2

Flowrate = 105 x 2 = 210 ft3/min

Respirator protection devices

A respirator is a device that covers mouth and nose or the entire head or face to guard the worker against hazardous, harmful atmosphere. A respirator may be half-mask - tight fitting covering nose and mouth. The respirator devices protect the individual wearer against inhaling harmful, hazardous substances in the workplace air. The devices are only used when sufficient controls of exposures cannot be attained by other means (Stronghold Safety Engineering, 2018). They are purposely used within the hierarchy of regulating measures: substitution, elimination, administrative controls and engineering controls. It is recommendable to use the respiratory protective equipment after all other controlling measures have been effectively implemented. The PPE is the last resort since they protect a worker who is prone to misuse or failure of following the set guidelines.

References

Bennett, J., Marlow, D., Nourian, F., Breay, J., Feng, A., & Methner, M. (2017). Effect of ventilation velocity on hexavalent chromium and isocyanate exposures in aircraft paint spraying. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 15(3), 167-181. https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2017.1401710

Binti Hussin, N., Binti Ibrahim, D., Binti Ahmad, F. N., Binti Mohd Yahya, N. H., & Binti Hashim, S. M. (2015). Improving indoor air quality using local exhaust ventilation (LEV). Jurnal Teknologi, 76(6). https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v76.5665

Fuller, T. P. (2015). Essentials of industrial hygiene. Itasca, IL: National Safety Council.

Lo, L., Hocker, B., Steltz, A. E., Kremer, J., & Feng, H. A. (2017). Performance evaluation of mobile downflow booths for reducing airborne particles in the workplace. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 14(11), 839-852. https://doi...