Diagnosing Disease: Internal & External Cues - Essay Sample

Introduction

Over the ages, there have been efforts to diagnose different diseases with both internal and external cues displayed by individuals suffering from certain diseases. For a fact, evaluation of these two types of cues is one of the starting point in clinical reasoning. Research has shown that specific cues-both internal and external - can examine, even if not accurately, the nature of certain diseases (Duinkerken, Brands, van den Berg, Henselmans & Biessels, 2011). However, this process requires due diligence and professionalism since inappropriate clinical reasoning can lead to unsatisfactory health care, jeopardizing the health of the patient. Some diseases have a reputation for developing specific external and internal cues, while others seem not to depict any consistent and same signs. A due process should be followed in this process to achieve healthcare providers' primary goal, a cure.

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Type 1 diabetes victims are tend to develop specific and acute symptoms. Contrary, its counterpart, Type 2 diabetes hardly depicts these symptoms until critical a condition is reached. Vomiting and nausea can be an indication of several diseases, among them type 1 diabetes. If there is a factor in the body that affects the gastric system or stomach in the body, then vomiting and nausea can be inevitable in some cases. In Type 1 diabetes, metabolic rate is affected by the falling of blood glucose level resulting in a feeling of vomiting and nausea. Low blood pressure, a complication suffered by patients of this disease, results in dizziness and nausea among some patients. Some medicine for Type 1 can also cause nausea and vomiting.as a result of the above-illustrated effects, it is beyond a reasonable doubt that appetite will be reduced. Vomiting blood can be as a result of damaged blood vessels, a complication caused by Type 1 diabetes. Unfavorable blood sugar level causes severe damages to blood vessels, causing blood to accumulate in the stomach. Upon vomiting, traces of fresh blood can be noticed. These cues illustrated above are an indication of the complication Ruth has developed as a result of type1 diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes can cause serious complications, especially to aged people like Ruth. For instance, according to statistics, 25% of the people living with type 1 diabetes are victims of high blood pressure .however, type 2 diabetes has the most cases of blood pressure, constituting 80 of the people with the disease (Pelaccia, Tardif, Triby, & Charlin, 2011). Consequently, a patient can be exposed to stroke, heart attack, kidney failure, and even more diseases. Additionally, people living with type 1 diabetes lack the relevant capacity to maintain average body temperature. The reason behind this is the inability to regulate the heat emitted by a high flow of blood and frequent sweating. Research has found out that one of the prime factors that cause hyperactive bowel sounds is long-standing diabetes. Various effects of type 1 diabetes, such as insufficient blood supply, can be a primary facilitator .individuals with this type of disease. In the case of immunity, infections are more likely to attack people living with diabetes type 1. Complications courses are even more likely to occur among these diseases. In the case of Ruth, the open wound may be a result of the low immune system. Smoking is among the reasons behind Ruth's diabetes infection. Researchers assert that 30-40% of smokers are most likely to suffer diabetes-either type 1 or 2 (Van Belle, Coppieters & Von Herrath, 2011). Her chain-smoking habit can facilitate the complications indicated in her chart.

The diagnosis of this type of disease is made on a clinical basis. Lack or deficiency of insulin is the core cause of type 1 diabetes. This happens when insulin, produced by pancreatic islet cells, is inadequately produced, thereby leading to a high level of blood glucose. Most of the patients affected are at the age of 40, although there are cases of individuals affected at an older age(Van Belle et al., 2011). Diabetes type has many complications if not properly maintained; high blood pressure, low immune system, memory loss, weight loss, tiredness and fatigue, genital itching, extreme thirst, vomiting, traces of blood upon vomiting, among others. Despite cigarette smoking being one of the significant facilitators of diabetes type 1, they also constitute more complications to the individuals affected by the disease.

The onset of type 1 diabetes can determine the number of aspects in the clinical reasoning process. A long time of illness is associated with numerous complications and warrant maximum attention and diligence in the examination. Enquiring to know the onset and the number of vomiting can help examine the water loss of the patient. The nature of the duration of vomiting blood also indicates blood loss, shading light to other numerous secondary complications such as fatigue and body weakness. The measures taken by the patient to reduce the severity of both the external and external cues need to be put into account. This includes the number of times she has gone to the hospital and the type of medication she has been using.

Education can be of vital importance, especially to sensitive diseases like diabetes. The management of the disease and care can determine the behavior of this illness. A healthy diet boosts the immune system and helps regulate the amount of glucose in the blood as well. The type of education given on the maintenance of the disease needs to be cross-examined; if not, proper knowledge should be disseminated. Her compliance with the medication of disease needs to be noted down. Any problem encountered in the process of medication should be addressed.

The examination process includes height, weight, abdominal circumference, and BMI. Also, a urinalysis to cross-check nitrite, protein, and ketones should be conducted. Physical activities and education are both critical in the clinical process. The following factors need to be assessed and possible solutions provided; the control of Glycemic and how to optimize it, the rate of smoking and wats of suppressing it, the type exercise is done and how it is conducted, the status of the lipids and different lifestyle, blood pressure and how to regulate it and lastly avoiding weight loss and weight gain.

Finally, a comprehensive discussion of the results and coming up with a new strategy of treatment and maintaining the disease can make substantial changes. The patient needs to know the implications of failing to adhere to the medication regulation of diabetes. Indicating any changes in medication and management of diabetes and ensuring that the patient clearly understands them to play a significant role in curbing some conditions. In case some complication is beyond one's knowledge, referring the patient to a higher hospital can be helpful. Making a further appointment with the patient to keenly monitor her progress can be quite beneficial. The patient also needs to be encouraged to attend annual diabetes review and seminars to acquire comprehensive knowledge on how diabetes should be managed.

References

Duinkerken, E. V., Brands, A. M., van den Berg, E., Henselmans, J. M., Hoogma, R. P., Biessels, G. J., & Utrecht Diabetic Encephalopathy Study Group. (2011). Cognition in older patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a longitudinal study. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 59(3), 563-565.

Pelaccia, T., Tardif, J., Triby, E., & Charlin, B. (2011). An analysis of clinical reasoning through a recent and comprehensive approach: the dual-process theory. Medical education online, 16(1), 5890.

Van Belle, T. L., Coppieters, K. T., & Von Herrath, M. G. (2011). Type 1 diabetes: etiology, immunology, and therapeutic strategies. Physiological reviews, 91(1), 79-118.