Antibiotic for Treating Tuberculosis - Essay Example

Introduction

Isoniazid is an antibiotic that is used to treat active tuberculosis infections. The drug’s mechanism of action is that it inhibits the formation of mycobacterial cell wall. Isoniazid is taken by mouth on an empty stomach an hour or two before or after meals as per the prescriptions of a doctor (Menzies et al., 2018). The indication is that within 5 days, the growth of bacteria stops.

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The contraindications for using isoniazid oral include if there is interaction of the drug with foods that contain histamine that lead to an increase in blood pressure, headache and dizziness. It cannot be taken by patients who develop severe hypersensitivity reactions. If such symptoms occur, it would be necessary to consult a doctor. The adverse effects of isoniazid oral include nausea or stomach upset, painful swollen joints, or if there is a serious allergic reaction to the drug (Menzies et al., 2018). If the patient experiences fever that does not go away, cases of swelling, rash or itching, they should get medical help. The nursing interventions important to the drug are monitoring therapeutic effectiveness, conducting lab tests and performing appropriate susceptibility tests before therapy.

Ofloxacin

Ofloxacin works by stopping the growth of bacteria. It is advised that one has to drink plenty of fluids while taking the medication. The drug’s mechanism of action is that it inhibits bacterial enzymes that are required for DNA replication, transcription, and repair. The dosage for ofloxacin as well as the length of treatment is based on the medical condition of the patient and their response to treatment. The indications for the drugs are the disappearance of the bacterial infection (Chien et al., 2016). The contraindications for using the drug include people who have diarrhoea, diabetes, dehydration, low amounts of potassium and painful conditions affecting the nerves.

Conclusion

Thus, the patient should also get medical help right away if they may be having hearing changes, unsteadiness, fainting and severe dizziness. Such adverse effects require one to tell the medical doctor immediately. It is also advisable that the patient does not use opioid medications because they may make the condition worse. The nursing interventions include monitoring seizures, giving antibiotics and discontinuing its intake if adverse conditions occur.

References

Chien, J. Y., Chien, S. T., Chiu, W. Y., Yu, C. J., & Hsueh, P. R. (2016). Moxifloxacin improves treatment outcomes in patients with ofloxacin-resistant multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 60(8), 4708-4716.
https://aac.asm.org/content/aac/60/8/4708.full.pdf

Menzies, D., Adjobimey, M., Ruslami, R., Trajman, A., Sow, O., Kim, H., ... & Elwood, K. (2018). Four months of rifampin or nine months of isoniazid for latent tuberculosis in adults. New England Journal of Medicine, 379(5), 440-453. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1714283.