Annotated Bibliography on the Impact of Poverty on Educational Outcomes

Introduction

The topic of interest is the impact of poverty on educational outcomes at low and high-income levels. The articles chosen are directly related to the topic and are important in providing information on the impact of poverty on academic performance and excellence. Some of the articles are research articles that provide first-hand information through data collected and analyzed to come up with findings and recommendations on the topic. These articles are relevant because experienced experts in different sectors of the education sector have done research to complete the works. Therefore, they are good reference points to inform on the topic and get an understanding of other authors' research on the topic under study. The articles will also form the basis of discussion of this paper and help to identify left out gaps in the topic and carry out research.

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Lacour, M. & Tissington, L. (2011). The effects of poverty on academic achievement. Academic Journals, 6(7), 522-527. Retrieved from http://www.academicjournals.org/app/webroot/article/article1379765941_Lacour%20and%20Tissington.pdf

This article focuses on the connection between poverty and poor school performance in the United States. It looks at poverty as a lack of sufficient resources, which include emotional, relationships, mental, role models and financial. The article argues that student success needs the availability of resources without which academic achievement get negatively affected. Lack of or few resources are related to low academic achievement, which also leads to a poor socioeconomic status of the poor students. The article also looks at the role of mothers' education level, community and family, and the state and federal policies to eradicate the negative effects of poverty on academic achievement.

According to the article, students from poor families score below average regardless of their race or ethnicity. An illustration also shows that there is a high connection between the poor academic performance and low income, with approximately 43.5% of students from low-income families not able to meet subject assessment in the required areas. School performance is highly related to the mothers' education level, which is estimated to be 20% more important than the fathers' education. The family and community believe also contribute to school performance. Students from low-income families with a positive attitude towards academics tens to have good academic excellence. The government has also tried to create equity in schools and to uplift self-esteem in poor students through strategies such as the "No Child Left Behind law." This article is important as it provides information related to all aspects and factors that may affect the academic performance of students.

Ferguson, H.B., Bovaird, S., Mueller, M. P. (2010). The impact of poverty on educational outcomes for children. Paediatr Child Health, 12(8), 701-706. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2528798/

The article looks at the widening of the income gap between different families in Canada due to the different levels of educational outcomes. It argues that educational outcomes are directly influenced by the respective family incomes. Low income affects the starting time of children, thus poor children begin school late compared to children from well of families. Various aspects of poverty including timing, depth, incidence and duration influence a student's educational achievement, together with social networks and community characteristics. The article also acknowledges that international and Canadian intervention strategies lead to a reduction in the effects of poverty on education.

Poverty and socioeconomic disadvantage have negative effects on student achievement, retention, and behavior in school. It starts with readiness for school, where children from low-income backgrounds are forced to begin school at a later stage, which affects their social and academic abilities in the school environment. Low academic abilities affect the student's academic achievement and cognitive achievement, thus very difficult for these students to excel in school. However, early intervention is important as it can increase the child's cognitive and social ability. It translates to confidence thus improved academic achievement. This article will assist in getting information on the strategies that can reduce the negative effects of poverty on academic excellence. It will also help to get the background information on the relationship between low income and school achievement.

Hanover Research. (2015, January). Impact of Poverty on Student Outcomes. Retrieved from https://www.gssaweb.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Impact-of-Poverty-on-Student-Outcomes-1.pdf

This is a Hanover research article that gives an increase in the income achievement gap by approximately 40% in the past 20 years. The article examines the impact that poverty has on some behavioral and academic outcomes. It also looks at some strategies, both school-wide programs, and classroom strategies, which have had positive effects on students from low-income backgrounds. The study finds out that poverty is directly linked to increases behavioral problems and low student achievement. There is also a mutual benefit for both students and teachers from poor backgrounds through having a supportive classroom environment. The articles look at different cases of poor performance related to low-income levels, and how they are tackled.

Data shows that only 1.1% of students from high-poverty schools maintain a consistently high performance compared to 24.2% in low-poverty schools. The rate of teacher attrition is also higher in such schools, which affects students from low-income backgrounds. Poverty influences cognitive development, which makes it difficult for poor children to overcome learning difficulties at elementary school. Poverty is also associated with negative neighborhood influence and poor parenting style, which affect the student performance from such backgrounds. However, through early childhood education, increased access to supplementary, enrichment and extracurricular activities the low-income students can improve their academic achievement. This article is important as it gives practical strategies that have been applied and are successful in helping low-income students. It also provides information on the link between poverty, cognitive development, and academic achievement.

Breger, L. (2014, December). "Poverty Effects on Student Achievement: A Look at Chicago Public Schools." Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/094e/4b1055bdaccb7d7b3ce0173424c2ecef6414.pdf

This article is a research paper that involved a study among 495 schools in Chicago to study the relationship between school performance and poverty in public schools. The study uses different demographics such as the number of students receiving reduced or free lunch to measure the poverty level in the schools. The research finds out that there is a direct negative relationship between poverty and school achievement. The article also looks at possible ways to reduce the negative impacts and proposes an increase in both school size and attendance rate and demographic population control as possible strategies that can improve the situation.

Data from the 495 schools shows that poverty has a negative influence on the academic performance and behavior of students, thus affecting the whole learning and school environment. Approximately half of the students from low-income backgrounds have poor academic performance, negative behavior or both characteristics. The article also states that poverty is highly associated with poor school attendance. However, it encourages that attendance incentives can improve school attendance, thus increasing student achievement. An analysis of data shows that schools with 49% attendance are always struggling to meet the standards and cannot provide a good learning environment for the present students. This article is important to school management as it provides first-hand information on the impact of poverty on academic performance and strategies to mitigate the problem. It also helps researchers as it provides primary information to build and identify potential gaps for research.

Buck, R. & Deutsch, J. (2014). Effects of poverty on education. Journal of Human Sciences, 11(2). Doi: 10.14687/ijhs.v11i2.3043

This article looks at the effects poverty has on education. It begins by looking at aspects that contribute to the impoverishment of a community. These aspects include a high rate of unemployment, violent crimes, dilapidated housing, inferior education, deindustrialization and minimal access to professional quality services. Poverty makes students go to school with many problems that are beyond the teachers' ability to solve, thus they are not settled to concentrate on schoolwork. Therefore, according to the article poverty has a negative influence on education. Poverty affects low-income communities making their children have poor performance but there are strategies to reduce these effects.

The article examines the contribution of different parties, which include community, public schools and the education department towards improving the situation of poor students. The community has the responsibility of giving positive attitude, mindset and influence to the students irrespective of their social status, race or ethnicity. Schools have the role of employing qualified teachers who can relate to all students and uplift their academic status. The education department should identify needy students to allocate adequate funds towards supporting their academic aspirations. This article provides adequate information to build research on to enhance the solutions towards this problem. It is important as it provides strategies to be used by different players in reducing the negative effects of poverty on education.

Edwards, S. (2012, March). The Effects of Poverty on Achievement Gap: A Quantitative Analysis Using Stratification Theory. Weber State University. Retrieved from http://www.ncurproceedings.org/ojs/index.php/NCUR2012/article/viewFile/641/290

This is a quantitative research article that looks at achievement in the American education system and connects it to poverty. It states that American children raised in poor families achieve lower success compared to those from wealthy backgrounds. Children raised in the two backgrounds are exposed to different standards that shape their cognitive development and self-esteem issues, which are important in academic achievement. It identifies a direct relationship between poverty and poor performance through data analysis. It looks at risks that poor students face such as lack of basic needs, the risk of exploitation and stigmatization that highly affect their concentration and output.

Statistical analysis finds out that there is a 24% difference between African Americans and Whites living below the poverty line. Poor communities and individuals cannot meet the required education standards thus cannot get good academic achievement. Data also shows that students from poor background have very poor in mathematics and other technical subjects. Poverty also leads to school dropouts due to different problems beyond the control of the students. Interviews with education experts in the article also show a link between poverty and poor performance. This is an important article as it shows the various risks poor students face and the major factors influencing failure in the poor students. It informs policymakers on the appropriate measures to help alleviate the situation.

Conclusion

The above articles are related because they all look at...