Under-Five Mortality: Impact on Child Growth - Research Paper

Introduction

The under-five mortality rate is the possibility of a newborn child in any specific country or selected environment dying before reaching the set age of five years. The under-five mortality rate is often expressed as a rate per a thousand live births (Boerma, Victora, & Abouzahr, 2018). The economic aspect, the environmental conditions, and social factors where the child is born are analyzed and recorded (Defo, 2014). The implication of under-five mortality on child growth is prevalent in developing countries. Majority of the third world countries lack advanced medical equipment to curb the unnecessary death of newborns. Combating newborn mortality becomes an imminent bone of contention. As such, enhanced comprehension of its landscape, and subsequent development of measures to tame mortality is crucial.

Is your time best spent reading someone else’s essay? Get a 100% original essay FROM A CERTIFIED WRITER!

Save 25%

The History of Studying the Problem in World Literature

Under-five and infant mortality has been a challenge in the underdeveloped world for quite a while. Such deaths are used to gauge the region's overall development and child health. In 2015, there was a total of 5.9 million child deaths globally, and these are statistical information gathered from different parts of the globe (Gebretsadik & Gabreyohannes, 2016). The late 19th century was characterized by low rate of child survival in the Southern and Eastern parts of Europe than the north. For instance, while Spain and Italy posted a 40% of its popoluation under-five mortality, northern countries like Sweden, England, and Norway's under-five mortality barely superseded 30% (Pozzi & Farinas, 2015).

The Current Fundamental Literature

The research has evaluated the rates of death in different environments globally (Boerma et al., 2018). The study reveals a high mortality rate in the third world and developing countries while there is a significant improvement in developed nations. Europe and Latin America have improved their health service delivery, which directly results in improved care hence lowering child mortality rate (Alkema et al., 2016). In Africa, the situation is worse as few countries can manage to reduce child mortality significantly (McArthur, 2014). The rest of the African nations have a high rate of child mortality due to lack of expectations and medical equipments (Hout, 2007).

The Approach of the Authors to the Problem

Alkema and colleagues have approached the child mortality issues in a well-organized systematic way. They have throughout researched their data in the three levels of countries (developed, developing, and third world countries) to provide proper research on the different rates child mortality in the three categories of states (Alkema et al., 2016). The study literature on child mortality was selected, followed by search publications to collect more relevant data on the subject (McArthur, 2014).

The Aspect of the Studying Problem

The primary element of the problem under study is child mortality. Evaluation of child mortality rates in different countries has also been compared (Alkema et al., 2016). The comparison of juvenile mortality is broadly highlighted throughout the literature.

Objectives of the Study

The aim of the study is establishing ways of lowering the rates of child mortality. Child mortality has been evaluated to help analyze reasonable measures of reducing its high rates in developing and third world countries (Kuruvilla et al., 2014).

Approach Methods Used In Analyzing Child Mortality

The classical technique evident in the study is the traditional technique which has been identified to be contributing to the high number of child mortality (Alkema et al., 2016). The use of common factors that lead to child mortality is the standard approach in the literature. The strategy explains how the mothers who adhere to traditional practices and ill-informed beliefs lead to increased death of infant and children (Pozzi & Farinas, 2015). The standard technique explains conventional notions, including the lack of breastfeeding the children (McArthur & Rasmussen, 2018).

Current Innovative Methods Used

The health sector has been enhanced with development is science. Newer medical facilities have been distributed to developing nations to help combat child mortality. Screening machines which monitor the health levels of the children have also been availed to clinics (McArthur & Rasmussen, 2018).

Similarities of Objectives in the Valuation of the Problem

Other distinguished authors have widely covered the study on child mortality. The differentiating factor among the many studies that have been already presented is the objective of the studies (Pozzi & Farinas, 2015). The authors have synthesized their research systematically to give a clear goal of lowering the prevalence of child mortality among child mortality (You, Hug, Ejdemyr, 2015). While other studies have always focused on establishing the cause of child mortality in developing countries, the evaluation of the bases of children death are societal, financial, and ecological aspects giving possible solutions to lower the rate of death in developing countries (Yu et al., 2018).

Similarities of Objectives

Majority of articles written about child mortality have shared information on the rate of death. Different researches have covered their analyses in developing worlds by comparing it to the developed countries (Liu et al., 2012). The weakness of the other articles is that they fail to establish possible strategies that could be used to reduce the rate of mortality (McArthur & Rasmussen, 2018).

Theoretical Basis

The study has explained in detail its findings on child mortality rates in different countries. It has revealed it in the best possible simple language to ease understanding of the concept by the recipients of the data (Black, 2010). The findings are well organized by the author to bring out a presentation study that is easy to understand (Kuruvilla & Schweitzer, 2017).

Notable Theories Used

The study has used numerous significant approaches which asses the mortality of the children in different countries. Some of the standard arguments used included the demographic transition by Frank Noistein. Rosenberg and Fukudda-Parr enumerate the cultural beliefs in breastfeeding and MDG and how the factors affect and lead to high rates of child mortality (Tangcharoensathien, Mills, & Palu, 2015).

Differences in Theories

New theories, such as demographic development have also been discussed. The primary difference is that it focuses on the elements that are associated with developed nations, while others have tried to cooperate with a global perspective in their research (Hout, 2007).

Cognition Level of Child Mortality

Facts on Child Mortality

The cognition level upon reading the literature is significant. The article highlights all the critical elements that lead to a high rate of child mortality by focusing on development countries (Wang et al., 2014). The authors compared the mortality data between the developed nations and developed to establish the various factors that lead to a high mortality rate in African countries. It is easy to understand the concept being discussed in the literature (Cha, 2017). There are three key elements which significantly affect the rate or child mortality. Social, economic, and environmental factors are the elements which affect the prices of child mortality. Poor medical environment and economic imbalance lead to inadequacy and ineffective quality of medical service delivery to the newborn babies (DESA, 2015).

How to Improve on the Research

The study has reasonably been researched and the finding excellently presented for the users. The study covers a wide area, comparing the different economic level countries (Notestien, 1945). The elements that significantly leads to high rates in African and other developing nations across the world have been identified (Ahmed, Rawal, & Chowdhury, 2017). The study could better its finding by narrowing to a particular area rather than generalizing interns of developed and developing countries. Each country has the unique challenges it faces when it comes to child mortality (Lange & Klasen, 2017).

The Unknown Facts from the Research

The study has failed to establish if societal beliefs such as those evident in African countries could be a cause of the increased rate of child mortality. Some communities in African countries such as prosperous African countries hold traditional beliefs which prevent them from seeking modernized treatment for their wiping children. Some cities have associated evolution in the health system to be satanic hence hold that only traditional techniques are the solution (Notestien, 1945).

Conclusion

The study has significantly achieved more in delivering critical information compared to previously presented articles. The research has identified the key elements such as economic, social, and environmental to be the leading cause so increased child mortality in developing countries. Developed countries such as France, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America have installed measures to curb child mortality, which have significantly yielded. The study has utilized numerous theories from authors such as Frank Notestein to reinforce its findings.

References

Ahmed, S. M, Rawal, L. B, & Chowdhury, S. (2017). Cross-country analysis of strategies for achieving progress towards global goals for women's and children's health. Bull World Health Organ2016;94:351-61. doi:10.2471/BLT.15.168450 pm:27147765. Retrieved from https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6282729/&ved=2ahUKEwj9tceR6pTjAhVsQEEAHYpKAQcQFjACegQIBBAR&usg=AOvVaw3Z5fgdGTi_KXP_6_iEMOZV

Alkema, L., Chou, D., Hogan, D., Zhang, S., Moller, A. B., Gemmill, A., & Say, L. (2016). Global, regional, and national levels and trends in maternal mortality between 1990 and 2015, with scenario-based projections to 2030: a systematic analysis by the UN Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group. The Lancet, 387(10017), 462-474. Retrieved from https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283790952_Global_regional_and_national_levels_and_trends_in_maternal_mortality_between_1990_and_2015_with_scenario-based_projections_to_2030_A_systematic_analysis_by_the_UN_Maternal_Mortality_Estimation_Inter-A&ved=2ahUKEwiGy9vz6JTjAhW5QEEAHSfjBssQFjAFegQIAhAB&usg=AOvVaw3_0QUhnq769DtSjQRuQY-S

Boerma, T., Victora, C., & Abouzahr, C. (2018). Monitoring country progress and achievements by making global predictions: is the tail wagging the dog?. The Lancet, 392(10147), 607-609. Retrieved from https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://unepdtu.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/agr-final-version-2018.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwinidza65TjAhWQgVwKHV60DbwQFjAGegQIBxAB&usg=AOvVaw2En4tcQCp15Kn84eTuj4Mj

Black, R. E., Cousens, S., Johnson, H. L., Lawn, J. E., Rudan, I., Bassani, D. G., & Eisele, T. (2010). Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2008: a systematic analysis. The Lancet, 375(9730), 1969-1987. Retrieved from https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://origin.who.int/entity/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/resources/Lancet_2010_withAppendix.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwjKiMa7pp7jAhVHyYUKHWIZC8QQFjABegQIBBAB&usg=AOvVaw2udlgShcskwpRWdXSKiQXT

Cha, S. (2017). The impact of the worldwide Millennium Development Goals campaign on maternal and under-five child mortality reduction:'Where did the extensive campaign work most effectively?'. Global health action, 10(1), 1267961. R...