The Distribution of Health Care Services in Riyadh City

Abstract

In this research paper, it constitutes of five parts which are: introduction, outline of literature review, a model of the focus funnel graphic, literature review and a list of references. A proper survey of the distribution of health centers in Saudi Arabia has been done. There is no proper definition of how well the health facilities are distributed since in the most areas of study, the population is uneven.

This project determines the distribution of health care services that are in Riyadh City and outlines the benefits of incorporating GIS to improve; emergency management and disaster preparedness mandates and responsibilities. The research reveals a focused channel that reveals itself from the use of GIS as a tool for analysis; a diagrammatical representation is in the paper too. A deep look in what has been documented in earlier researches, Riyadh is among the areas in Saudi Arabia that have good access to medical services. It is among the regions centrally positioned in the country. In conclusion it is factual that the use of GIS has been of great benefit. Retrieval of regional information by GIS has proved very helpful for future references as they form the basis for further studies

Table of Contents

Abstract 2
Part 1 3
Introduction 3
Research Questions 4
Research Objectives 5
Part 2 6
Literature Review Outline 6
Distribution of health centre in Riyadh 6
Ways to use GIS in distribution analysis 8
Conclusion 8
Part 3 10
Focus Funnel Method Graphic 10
Part 4 13
Literature Review 13
GIS in practical applications 15
Ways to use GIS on distribution 18
Conclusion 19
Reference Cited List 21

Part 1

Introduction

The main towns in Saudi Arabia have a fair share of hospital care accessibility: Riyadh constituting the major towns. Riyadh also delights in having a significant population comparative to the total population distributed in the major towns Al-Gabbani (1991). The distribution of health care in this rather large population is of contention since it is uneven. GIS technology of spatial data analysis proved essential to dene all hospital demand location and produces an output showing city districts that are providing remarkable demand to the selected hospital (Abdulkader A Murad et al. (2007) 879889). The incorporation of GIS in analysis is a big milestone that aids in planning and also overviews knowledge of the areas of usage.

The current research is aimed at providing insights and solutions to the locational distribution of various health facilities using the GIS in Riyadh City clearly entailing the ways of conduct and the expected outcomes of the initiative. A spotlight will also be shed on the possible hindrances of using GIS in general and intricately on the case study in focus.

Research Questions

How important is the application of GIS in the analysis of government health services sites?

What are the requirements for applying GIS in the analysis of government health services sites and healthcare emergency management?

What are the difficulties that may be faced during the application of GIS in the study?

What are the ways to overcome on the Obstacles that maybe faced during the application of GIS in the study?

Research Objectives

1- To determine the importance of the application of GIS in healthcare

2- To determine the requirements of the application of GIS in healthcare

3- To overcome the obstacles of the application of GIS in healthcare

4- To determine the efficiency of the geographical distribution of government health services in the city of Riyadh using GIS.

5- To determine the future needing for building new health services.

Hypothesis 1. The first assumption of the truth is that these health centers can be detected using spectral/wavelength radiations from the satellites using high spatial resolution imagery. These goes to enhance the study implications of being able to analyze them from a spatial kind of setting.

Hypothesis 2. Healthcare distribution is complemented by a good access to infrastructure. With a well-traversed communication system and transport network, health centre gives services that are top-notch, and patients can demand the services being offered by these health facilities.

Part 2

Literature Review Outline

Title Geographical Distribution of Public Health Services (Hospitals and primary health centers) in Riyadh by using GIS

Thesis Statement: This project determines the distribution of health care services that are in Riyadh City and outlines the benefits of incorporating GIS to improve; emergency management and disaster preparedness mandates and responsibilities.

Distribution of health centre in Riyadh (Ahlam A. Mansour, 1993)

(Al-Gabbani, 1991)

(Al-Kahtani, 1991)

(Al-Oteibi, Noble, & Costa, 1993)

(Alkadry, 2015)

(Barth & Quiel, 1987)

(E1-Bushra, 1989)

(Shaaban & Naizy, 1991)

(See, 2009)

(Makky, 1986)

(Al-Kahtani, 1991)

GSI in practice. Has there been any positive impact of GIS use?

What array of issues has GIS been utilized well?

(Hugh M. Semple, 2013)

(Murad A. , 2006)

(Abdullah Emin Akay, 2011)

(Du, 2011)

(Lo, 2010)

(Robin Haynes, 2006)

(Godelieve Lynen, 2007)

(Kwang-Soo Lee1, 2014)

Ways to use GIS in distribution analysis How does GIS relate in distribution analysis?

What distribution techniques go hand in hand with GIS?

(Hugh M. Semple, 2013)

(Waleed Kassab, 2001)

(Abdullah Emin Akay, 2011)

(Murad A. , 2006)

ConclusionWhat inferences can be drawn from the implementation of GIS in Riyadh for health facilities distribution?

Does GIS have potential to provide positive impacts in Riyadh?

CITATION Abd11 \l 1033 (Abdullah Emin Akay, 2011)

CITATION Che10 \l 1033 (Lo, 2010)

CITATION AlG911 \l 1033 (Al-Gabbani M. , 1991)

CITATION Moh15 \l 1033 (Alkadry, 2015)

Part 3

Focus Funnel Method Graphic

The research reveals a focused channel that reveals itself from the use of GIS as a tool for analysis. Its the view of the region of study, the past successes of use of GIS, the various relevant techniques that can be employed in the area of study and finally the conclusions of the views.

The relationships between the practice and the area of use are crucial in determining the effectiveness of the proposed development.

Riyadh is singularly analyzed in its geographical characteristics and the available health care centers and how the distributions are. This is a foundational base for the study for familiarity with the case study before any progress is made.

GIS as a tool of analysis is used to be able to understand its pros and cons over its past uses. These are analyzed from past literature based on the use of GIS as a main or sub-technique in an analysis.

The proposed linkages between GIS and the aspect of study (healthcare distribution in Riyadh) this narrows down the research to the relations between the proposed analysis tool and the subject matter of the case study.

The conclusion is the implications of the past literature and the current research on the analysis of the distribution of health care and the correct use of GIS in doing so.

Part 4

Literature Review

Title: Geographical Distribution of Public Health Services (Hospitals and primary health centre) in Riyadh by using GIS.

Distribution of health centres in Riyadh

Thesis Statement:

This project determines the distribution of health care services that are in Riyadh City and outlines the benefits of incorporating GIS to improve; emergency management and disaster preparedness mandates and responsibilities.

Riyadh is among the areas in Saudi Arabia that have good access to medical services. It is among the regions centrally positioned in the country. The explosive growth of Riyadh documented in the presented MOMS image is a unique example of a spectacular urbanization in a desert country. The rapid increase in population from less than 50 000 after World War II to 1.4 Mio in 1985 caused an incomprehensible spatial expansion of the city (Barth & Quiel, 1987). (Al-Kahtani, 1991)Revealed that Riyadh has an area of 354,444 km2 and a population density of 6.4 per km2. With that big of a population, it acts as the political hub of the country. The country also constitutes of other regions that also have access to the health centres namely the Western and the Eastern parts. Over the past few years, Riyadh has experienced erection of hospital units greatly (El-Sayed, 1989) The high standards of health facilities in this booming region is depicted by its share of the national total of doctors (29%) and hospital beds (26%) (1 (Al-Gabbani, 1991)991). The ratios of population per physician are 1:490 and population per bed of 1:297 (E1-Bushra, 1989) are better than those in advanced industrial countries. The high urban growth rate in the country as a whole (Osama S. Algahtani, 2015) suggests an intricate look at the health care distribution through remote sensing techniques aided by GIS.

Health facilities that were already established before 1970s (Al-Kahtani, 1991) were out of reach of the less developed regions in the country. This implies that they were not accessible to the majority of the Kingdoms inhabitants. Considerable improvements and advancements have been realised in the infrastructure of health facilities (Barth & Quiel, 1987) after the launch of the First National Development Plan in 1970, following an increased flow in oil revenues. The government oil revenues increased from just SR4,936 million in 1970 to SR312,819 million in 1980 registering a 63 fold increase. The rapid increase has enabled the central government to implement ambitious development strategies to enhance the health facilities both in the range of products and also the physical access to the facilities. In (Al-Gabbani, 1991) population density and service availability have been scrutinized keenly. The analysis revealed that within the inner circle of the city density, the majority of the land was already developed. This entails that most of the urban sections were well advanced in service accessibility. Transport in this town, however, is inefficient with a rich and rotting urban centre and disconnections to the outer areas of the city. The access to other areas of the city that can greatly benefit from the few amenities available in this capital is hindered due to the inefficiencies in the transport sector. The hospital accessibility is chained up in this problem of accessibility due to the inefficiencies. . (E1-Bushra, 1989) Further shone the light on the distribution of the health centres with graphical representations (pp 365) of the journal. It shows than a dense collection of the available health centres was located in the N. Eastern districts of the town where most of the inhabitants are situated.

Innovative indices for quantitative analysis on the allocation of medical services and facilities (Shaaban & Naizy, 1991) were developed to be able to see their scope of cover. They shed light on the framework through which available medical facilities and expertise may be reallocated to ensure better health care for all inhabitants of Saudi Arabia. This was a follow-up study to help get solutions to the growing concern of healthcare access in th...