Research Paper on Psychological and Emotional Effects on Children of Different Parenting Styles

Introduction

Particular parenting styles are linked to a specific pattern of behavior and parents need to the impact of their parenting style on the child. However, other important variables are also considered when it comes to a child's behavior. Similarly, the behavior of a child can also impact on the parenting style. The role of parenting is so important because it is the primary way through which children get to know how to act with the rest of their peers. It is through parenting that children acquire the ability to be responsible, care for the adults and the citizens of the society as well.

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The authoritarian parenting style is where the parents are very demanding, but they do not care for responsibility. Authoritarian parents have very many rules that they expect their children to follow and they tend to micromanage every aspect of their child's life (Ang, & Goh, 2006). These parents do not express much warmth as it is required or nurturing because most times, they are cold and harsh often nagging and spend of their time yelling. These parents also utilize punishments without explanation, and they do not offer their children any chances. The effects of such behavior of this kind of parenting style on the children are that they may display aggressive behaviors when outside the home as they are used to these behaviors (Kremers et al. 2003). The children have lower self-esteem compared to the other peers, and they act fearful and sometimes overly shy when they are around others. Children also find it difficult in social situations because they lack the necessary competence to get them to be confident. The children conform easily to the situation, and they suffer from depression and anxiety because their parents do not compromise mistakes. These children also struggle with self-control because they feel that they are unable to make choices on their own.

Authoritative parenting style is also a way that parents can use to instill discipline in their kids. This style of parenting demonstrates high demandingness, and at the same time, the parents show high responsiveness (Steinberg, & Darling, 2017). Parents using this style of parenting often follow up the activities of their children to make sure they measure up to the standards and they offer guidance where it is necessary. Authoritative parents often have high expectations of their children for achievement and success in maturity which is coupled up with being warm and responsive. Parents in this category show constant support for their children where they set rules and enforce boundaries, but they also create room for open discussion and reasoning. The children belonging to these parents are often happy and appear content (Garcia, & Gracia, 2009). They show more independence and higher academic success. These children tend to develop good self-esteem, and they show fewer tendencies involving violence. They also show the better health of the mind such as less depression, anxiety, and attempts of suicide.

Permissive parenting style is also another form of parenting that is also referred to as indulgent. Permissive parents often depict low demandingness to the children and very high responsiveness in supporting the kinds and involving themselves in the daily activities (Johnson, & Kelley, 2011). These parents set few rules that the kids are supposed to follow as well as boundaries, but they are reluctant in implementing and enforcing these rules. The parents in the category tend to be warm, and their aspect of indulgence is that they feel bad saying no to the demands of the children because they do not want to disappoint them (Hubbs-Tait et al. 2008). The effects of this parenting to the children that it becomes difficult for them to follow the rules. It would be hard for them to survive at the school where rules are mandatory. Their self-control is worse, and their tendencies reveal their egocentric attribute. They have har times coping with the rest of their peers because they consider themselves on a higher level than the rest. These children also encounter problems in relationships and when it comes to social interactions because their parents did not implement strategies for them to follow.

Conclusion

Uninvolved parenting is also a style that other parents used to care for their kinds and it is also known as neglectful parenting. Parents that are in this category have low demandingness for their children, and they also depict low responsiveness to matters concerning their kids (Hughes et al. 2005). Neglectful parents have no time to set firm boundaries or rules for their children or even high standards because they care for nothing. The reason for uninvolment may be due to mental issues such as maternal depression or physical abuse. The children tend to be more impulsive and cannot self-regulate emotions because they have not had a mentor they can emulate. These children encounter delinquency and other problems of addictions without their fault (Huver et al. 2010). They also have mental issues such as suicidal behaviors and attempts. This parenting style should be checked to offer help to the affected persons.

References

Ang, R. P., & Goh, D. H. (2006). Authoritarian parenting style in Asian societies: A cluster-analytic investigation. Contemporary Family Therapy, 28(1), 131-151.

Garcia, F., & Gracia, E. (2009). Is always authoritative the optimum parenting style? Evidence from Spanish families. Adolescence, 44(173), 101-131.

Hubbs-Tait, L., Kennedy, T. S., Page, M. C., Topham, G. L., & Harrist, A. W. (2008). Parental feeding practices predict authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting styles. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 108(7), 1154-1161.

Hughes, S. O., Power, T. G., Fisher, J. O., Mueller, S., & Nicklas, T. A. (2005). Revisiting a neglected construct: parenting styles in a child-feeding context. Appetite, 44(1), 83-92.

Huver, R. M., Otten, R., De Vries, H., & Engels, R. C. (2010). Personality and parenting style in parents of adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 33(3), 395-402.

Johnson, L. E., & Kelley, H. M. (2011). Permissive parenting style. In Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development (pp. 1080-1080). Springer, Boston, MA.

Kremers, S. P., Brug, J., de Vries, H., & Engels, R. C. (2003). Parenting style and adolescent fruit consumption. Appetite, 41(1), 43-50.

Steinberg, L., & Darling, N. (2017). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. In Interpersonal Development (pp. 161-170). Routledge.