Research Paper on Integration of Satellite in 5G

Introduction

5G (fifth generation wireless) is the modern reprise of cellular technology, devised to significantly increase responsiveness and speed of the wireless network. With fifth-generation wireless, data transmission over wireless broadband connections is estimated to travel at a speed as high as 20 Gbps, this will definitely exceed current wireline network pace (Boero, et. al, 2018, 9-15). It also offers 1-millisecond latency or much lower especially for devices that may need a real-time response. Fifth generation network will also allow abrupt increment in the size of data transferred over the wireless network because of availability of more bandwidth and most significantly, due to more developed antenna technology (Giambene, Kota, and Pillai, 2018, 25-31).

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With the daily growing opportunities for massive increment in the mobile data transfer traffic which is majorly compost of videos, with almost zero latency gigabit occurrence networks and the arrival of Internet of Things (IoT) which tremendously increases the number of devices connected to the internet, demands the necessity of new network standards and architectures (Gopal, and BenAmmar, 2018, 16-24). With the vision of 5G network in providing quality services such as accomplice of a smart environment, smart cities, virtualization and machine-to-machine (M2M) wireless data communication, has lately fascinated enormous awareness by standard organizations and most industries. Satellite network is anticipated to become a fundamental part in the forthcoming 5G network. As satellite communications are involved in a very crucial part as a supportive solution to terrene networks because of its attribute of universal broadcast, emergency/disaster recovery, multicast, and coverage (Guizani, 2018, 2-2).

Role of Satellites in the 5G Network and Its Advantages & Challenges

According to Gopal and BenAmmar (2018, 16-24), the satellite will always play a very significant role in reaching some of the remote areas beyond terrene coverage and it is becoming a very crucial component in the 5G ecosystem, unalterable terrene communication and it also complements wireless communication. The satellite has a great role especially in ensuring that 5G enables constant connection and communication ability in non-terrene network elements. According to the third generation partnership project 3GPP, there are three main duties for a satellite in 5G (Cioni, et. al, 2018, 54-61).

Stimulating roll-out of 5G in areas not served that and cannot be enfolded by terrene 5G networks, for instance, remotely areas, vessels, and onboard aircraft. Additionally, the satellite is will be able to help in improving the performance of the less terrestrial network in affordable means (Ziaragkas, et. al, 2017, 379-405). Secondly, satellite will also help in fortification of 5G services authenticity by availing service progression for machine to machine communication (M2M), for individuals on board of locomotive platforms such as aircrafts and trains among others, and finally internet of things (IoT) (Rao, 2017, 1-23).

In addition, it will also ensure that there is the availability of service even in remote areas suffering from communication difficulties. Finally, the satellite will also enable 5G network quantifiability by the provision of broadcast/ multicast resources for conveying data towards network fringe (Boero, et. al, 2018, 9-15). Additionally, some of other key areas satellite most significant roles in 5Gincludes, M2M type of communication, coverage, multicast and content coaching, pliability provisioning, satellite terrene integration which is made up of backhauling and tower feed, mobile communication (Communications On The Move (COTM), backhauling and tower feed, and Ultra-Reliable Communication (URC) (Cioni, et. al, 2018, 54-61).

Providing Wide Coverage

Worldwide connectivity is the main objective of a 5G network; it makes this possible by connecting any form of devices and their application. And for this to be realized, satellite integration in the 5G network becomes a necessity (Gopal, and BenAmmar, 2018, 16-24). Satellite provides one major advantage over terrestrial cellular operators in that satellite communications machinist is capable of providing one global network and lower business and operational aid cost. Therefore, satellite technology makes it possible to achieve cost-efficacious global internet service provision and data conveyance. Hence, services and data delivery to clients in areas of emergency and critical scenarios and remote areas as wells as country borders are some of the prime markets for satellite speculators (Giambene, Kota, and Pillai, 2018, 25-31).

Furthermore, Satellite merits in regard to coverage are stipulated to increases in the following areas. First, there will be high chances of future cloud computing resources deployment in the space. Secondly, there will be an array of LEO satellites having the ability to offer constructive global transportation and fine geolocation universal access. Thirdly, the satellite will make it possible for technological advancement making it possible to exploit portentous satellite location and geolocation of terra firma devices for effective adaptation and systematic contrivance (Guizani, 2018, 2-2).

Supporting Massive Machine-Type Communications

Massive machine-type communications demand the potential to give support to an enormous number of affordable IoT devices (links) with durable battery and extensive coverage. Due to an accelerated increase in the number of IoT device, there is the need for new tech that will provide enormous data collection and data broadcasting beyond terrene radio (Ziaragkas, et. al, 2017, 379-405). Guizani argued that satellite, therefore, becomes the one remedy due to their inherent broadcasting aptitude which accredits them to outstretch a very high aggregate of devices while making use of less resource making them very acceptable for disseminated M2M networks (2018, 2-2).

According to Giambene, Kota, and Pillai (2018, 25-31), satellite network provides a method of huge data collection via geo observation environment in addition to a technique of sharing uplinks connectivity in a well-organized system from a considerable amount of connected network zone. Additionally, satellites have the ability to brace asset tracking devices which makes it possible to support upcoming IoT communications / M2M communications. Another important role of satellite in massive machine-type communications is that it has the potential to bring under control operational complication arising as a result of frequent maintenance, upgrade, and device configuration (Gopal, and BenAmmar, 2018, 16-24).

Satellite is capable to overcome such problems by distributing data effectively with worldwide reach and on an immense scale, supplementing terrestrial distributions (Gopal, and BenAmmar, 2018, 16-24). Secondly, the satellite is able to provide urgent backhaul capacity without establishing supplementary terrestrial fundaments. Urgent nature is brought as a result of intermittent backhaul prerequisites by most of the M2M services. Thirdly, the satellite is also able to offer alternative effective connectivity for machine to machine communication especially in remote areas and in a populated inter-zone networks where data packets must be proceeded via multiple autonomous complexes to reach their terminus. Fourthly, satellite network has the potential to roam and cover a wide area, intersecting different types of borders thereby guaranteeing attainable connectivity via a single provider. Additionally, there will be the ability to activate and configure all IoT devices via satellite by using regional network systems. Finally, such problems will be overcome by satellite since, it will offer support for uninterrupted connectivity when the terrestrial network is unavailable (Cioni, et. al, 2018, 54-61).

Resilience Provisioning

Worldwide internet coverage and reliability are the central added value of the satellite associated communication amenity while making use of limited infrastructure. Reliability and global coverage make it possible for the satellite to be used for extremely dependable communications and majorly for security systems (Rao, 2017, 1-23). Satellites have a very significant capacity to do in assisting all-inclusive resilience by enhancing other communications fundaments. Satellites have the potential to support a resilient 5G network to attenuate challenges of overload in order to meet the 5G key performance indicator (KPI). This can be achieved by putting intelligent router functionality (IRF) at different radio access networks to make intelligent decisions regarding traffic routing. Intelligent router functionality particularly makes choices in regard to traffic routing over contrasting links taking notice of application requirements. Hence satellite can be viably used to support ultra-high accessibility from the end user point of view (Ziaragkas, et. al, 2017, 379-405).

Provide Ultra-Reliable Communications Support

Current devices application and the use instances in 5G require the aid of extremely low latency usually sub 1ms, and very high security, attainability, and highly constant. This makes extreme low latency over radio network one of the objectives of 5G networks (Gopal, R, and BenAmmar, 2018, 16-24). The dissemination of GEO satellite latency of about 250ms (500ms round-trip) is allowable in most 5G applications, moreover, new Medium Earth orbit (MEO) and Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites network will have the ability to underpin more latency sensitive applications. Satellites play a major task in assisting 5G networks to encounter their sub-1ms latency specifications by remitting contents that are commonly acquired by mobile base stations (Cioni, et. al, 2018, 54-61).

Challenges of Integration of Satellite in 5G

Despite massive benefits that can be reaped from satellite integration in a 5G network, it comes with its own challenges that must be considered for effective performance and maximum use of 5G network services. The following are some of the challenges associated with Integration of satellite in 5G (Giambene, Kota, and Pillai, 2018, 25-31).

Onboard Processing

Reliability and low-cost processing capability are some of the significant keys elements to onboard processing in satellite (Guizani, 2018, 2-2). However, for perfect functionality of onboarding processing performance in satellite, there is the necessity of extra hardware leading to an escalation in power consumption and transponder mass. There should also proper management of heat produced by processors. Another cropping key problem with onboarding processing is reliability. Additionally, reserve digital signal processing (DSP) needed for backup in case of machine failure can significantly increase overall expenses. Restriction to re configure the hardware series and sampling potentiality is also one of the problems associated with onboarding processing (Gopal, and BenAmmar, 2018, 16-24).

Integrated Satellite-Terrestrial Architecture

To content the taxing necessities of users in terms of performance, cost, quality of service (QoS) and the quality of experience (QoE), crucial development attempt and extensive research must be done regarding the integrated architecture (Rao, 2017, 1-23). Some of the problem associated with this includes a transparent and parallel examination of the user to elegant management of both broadband and broadcast resources, broadband and broadcast networks, and user content management. Service progression is one of the most important characteristics of integrated satellite-terrestrial architecture because it avails absolute servic...