Interorganizational Conflict vs Intraorganizational Conflict in Organizations - Essay Sample

Introduction

In contemporary organizations, conflict tends to occur as people interact; the process of interaction may result in hostile behaviors producing a state of anxiety, stress, and more in workers. However, it is important to understand the difference between interorganizational and intraorganizational conflict first. Interorganizational conflict occurs outside an organization, especially when expanding boundaries into wider areas (Lumineau et al., 2015). It occurs when two or more organizations are in friction, for example, when two organizations are competing because of customers. Even though this kind of competition can be professional, it can lead to the circulation of negative rumors, for instance, unethical behavior that one organization uses to lure customers then result in a rival. On the other hand, interoganizational conflict occurs within the organization (Lumineau et al., 2015). At many times, intraorganizational conflict occurs due to unfair delegation of authority in the organization, favoritism, or unbalanced structural makeup, for example, intraorganizational conflict can occur when the staff personnel is used to supplement the work of line managers.

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Informal Socialization

A culture of violence in high-security prison is perpetuated by the process of informal socialization because it appears to be more influential. In prison, both the characteristics of inmates and aspects of the prison environment sometimes lead to loss of legitimacy hence escalating violence (Meeks, 2005). Also, prison staff assaults are associated with the potential friction points of the prison regime, something that changes the inmate subculture, beliefs, values, attitudes, and norms. The codes that the inmates learn depict the prison as predatory jungle, chaotic, and violent. However, there following steps can be taken by the administrative personnel to address the issue. First, the administrative personnel should influence the socialization process with effective and deliberate leadership. They should also change the culture, particularly the recruitment process and selection criteria. The other step is the formalization of the training process; distancing the training process from actual work to objectify and improve it. Lastly, the administrative personnel should train prison staff as a group (collective socialization).

The Content of the Role of a Probation Officer

A probation officer plays a significant role for probationers; he is fully equipped with professional skills such as reformation of the offenders, implementation of probation treatment, helping offenders to repent, inquiring into the circumstances of an accused person following the directions of the court, giving advises in cases and more (Hsieh et al., 2015). However, there are some norms and values that are associated with this work. Probation officers have two roles; they make sure that the offender complies with the direction/terms of the court and ensure that the released offenders follow certain conditions within the probationary period.

Variable Analysis Strategy

A variable analysis strategy is a domain used to evaluate individual behavior in an organization. A variable analysis strategy helps to find variables and provide measures of success within each domain. At the same time, it helps to find variables that are specific to effectiveness within each domain. It is employed to measure the activities that are believed to cause a crime within a setting. The strategy measures participant's characteristics as well as organizational features that are presumed to alter effectiveness. For example, the relationship between mandatory arrest policy and patterns of future domestic violence.

Change Agent and their Ethical Responsibilities

A change agent is a person who works in an agency that serves people in the criminal justice system. Change agents usually work on the supervision of people to eliminate or mitigate the sources of resistance. Such people work to bring balance in employee turnover to meet the demands between an organization and its environment. Some of the ethical responsibilities that change agents have include describing the process of overcoming resistance to change, discussing characteristics of the organization that can facilitate change, buildings coalitions across the organization, empowering coalitions to overcome barriers, responding to unethical behaviors that have considerable symbolic value and more.

Police Chief Dealing With Researchers Asking Questions

If I was a Police Chief then researcher's start asking me questions in and around my department, I would be skeptical. Most officers feel satisfied with their departments and remain committed to making the agency successful. However, the department's disciplinary procedures are not fair in that poor-performing officers are never held accountable. Also, Police chiefs rely on traditional beliefs and assumptions, yet they are directive. For this reason, I believe the best way to handle the situation is by telling the researchers that the public and the police differ. The public will not understand the challenges the police face and therefore, it is the role of the police to reflect on themselves.

Goals of a Local Police Department

The desired goals of a local police department comprise enhancing security and well-being, providing a sense of safety in the community, curbing crime such as gang violence, illegal drugs, burglaries, murders, muggings, to mention but a few (Community Policing Consortium, 1994). Also, a local police department notes increase in crime and disorder within the community. Valid and reliable variables can be used to measure the achievement of these goals. For instance with valid variable analysis, the model will help to identify and measure the goals. Mostly, revelatory analysis can be implemented in that criminals are arrested then asking how many people are involved in that criminal gang.

Correction Administrator

For a correction administrator to decide whether to police the agency's boundaries or succumb to pressures for change, he should consider the demands of inmates in prison. If the demands are genuine then the correctional administrator should fulfill them within the context of the law. However, the correction administrator must look at the key skills needed at every stage, relevant roles of leaders such as change agents, and finally the model of implementation.

Biases that Would Underlie a Police Officer's Discretionary Decision

Some of the biases that may underlie a police officer's discretionary decision whether or not to make an arrest include perceptions that ignore certain groups of people whose behavior is suspicious from others and events that create a low level of suspicion. As mentioned by Alpert, et al. (2004), the police are trained in a manner that helps them to make an observation in any situation and identify certain behaviors that pose threat based on the perceptions, which may reflect reality. Even though they have full freedom to enforce the law, schemas attract biases, which interfere with decision making, but at many times, the police misuse their discretionary powers.

References

Alpert, G. P., Dunham, R., Stroshine, M., Bennett, K., & MacDonald, J. (2004). Police officers' decision making and discretion: forming suspicion and making a stop. National Institute of Justice, Washington, DC. https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/213004.pdf

Community Policing Consortium. (1994). Understanding community policing: A framework for action. Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Assistance. https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/commp.pdf

Hsieh, M. L., Hafoka, M., Woo, Y., van Wormer, J., Stohr, M. K., & Hemmens, C. (2015). Probation officer roles: A statutory analysis. Fed. Probation, 79, 20. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ming_Li_Hsieh/publication/299356807_Probation_officer_roles_A_statutory_analysis/links/584b810c08aecb6bd8c15970/Probation-officer-roles-A-statutory-analysis.pdf

Lumineau, F., Eckerd, S., & Handley, S. (2015). Inter-organizational conflicts: Research overview, challenges, and opportunities. Journal of Strategic Contracting and Negotiation, 1(1), 42-64. https://krannert.purdue.edu/faculty/fluminea/pubs/interorganizational-conflict-overview.pdf

Meeks, D. (2005). Doing jail time: The socialization process of a county jail environment. Justice Policy Journal, 2(1), 2-21. http://www.cjcj.org/uploads/cjcj/documents/doing_jail.pdf