Essay Sample on Micro-Linguistics and Macro-Linguistics

Introduction

As mentioned, macro linguistics, the "macro" tends to focus on language as larger concepts, broader and tends while on the other hand, microlinguistics (the "micro") focuses more with smaller and language elements that are more particular. Generally, macro-linguistics is mostly used in covering language social aspect and its meaning differing from microlinguistics that focuses more on looking at the language elements like phonology, syntax, morphology and pragmatics/semantics.

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Fields of

The above mentioned: phonology, syntax, morphology and pragmatics among others are some of the microlinguistic fields. Morphology involves the study words internal structures and its modifications (how it can be modified). Phonology, on the other hand, is the study of certain sound elements that distinguish words meaning or it is the study of discrete sounds and features to identify the meaning in the mind of the speaker. The syntax includes of the study of words combinations to obtain grammatical sentences as a result (Minggu, 2013). Lastly, semantics and pragmatics involve of the study of word meanings (lexical semantics), phraseology (combination of fixed words) and phraseology and lexical semantics incorporate to form grammatical sentences with specific meanings and the study of utterances usage in acts of communicative either figuratively or literary respectively. Other microlinguistics fields apart from the above-described one are such as phonetics, discourse analysis and applied linguistics. Phonetics is the field of microlinguistics that study sounds physical properties of human language.

How Microlinguistics Fields Are Covered Under Macrolinguistics Fields

Macro linguistic is the language broadest view that is mainly related to the languages external view, relation with other various sciences as well as how the language is applied in daily life. It covers most of the microlinguistic fields in addition to its fields. Macro linguistic fields are such as sociolinguistics, computational linguistics, historical linguistics, language geography, developmental linguistics, biolinguistics, clinical linguistics and many others. Computational linguistics deals with the modelling of the natural human language using a computational perspective. As mentioned above, syntax involves the study of word order and language structure. Basing on the critical word order in the formation of the meaningful sentence, the specific correct interpretation is necessitated thus it is arguable that there exist a particular computational formal component contained in the normal language speakers that try to describes it (Minggu, 2013).

In the traditional days in the formation of natural language, the grammar used syntax and morphology while in the modern linguistics phonetics, orthography, pragmatics, phonology and semantics are used. Sociolinguistics involves the study of all social aspects effects including specific language usage in the community. To a considerable degree, sociolinguistics is believed to partially be using pragmatics in the communicative acts hence minimising miscommunication. Also sociolinguistic uses semantics in the use of signs to interpret specific contexts, and circumstances within the community - moreover historical linguistic uses all the microlinguistic fields in studying the changes of the language after a particular period time (Minggu, 2013).

Reference

Minggu. (2013). The Definition and Branches of Linguistics. Retrieved from http://nurkhofifahbahru.blogspot.com/2013/09/the-definition-and-branches-of.html