Essay Sample on Foraminifera: Unveiling the World's Microfossil Diversity

Introduction

The consideration of Foraminifera is one of the essential microfossils, and it can be found in almost all the environments that are in marine areas. They are mostly found in the regions that are shallow ramps to the deepest end of the sea or the ocean. There are several species which is likely to be more than 42000 species which they are from the tropical poles. There are main types of them which are two in number during the planktonic foraminifera and the benthic Foraminifera.

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The taxonomic unit and position of the Foraminifera are that they both are protista, single-celled organism. The features of the Foraminifera is that every species can be found under specific environments where there are some of the other species which cannot bear the condition in that particular environment. This will help to determine from the particular foraminifera kind its appropriate sea leveling the time of deposition and its sedimentation during the time of salinity or acidity of the water as well as the temperatures with the amount of light which is needed for them to survive.

Many of the studies and the research done for these organisms have illustrated the fact that these organisms have differentiability and diversity and its abundance. The reason is that the foraminifer is the most significant fossils which help with the biostratigraphy and the paleontology. They, however, can be used to reconstruct the depositional environments. Foraminifera is considered the most crucial organism in the microfossil universe, and they are considered to be having a high-value addition in the geological world. Due to their high abundance of the species as well as their action and ability to adapt and fit in into new environments and because of their skills to evolve and the main reason is that they live in a pure nature changing in different contexts. This allows them to survive in extremely harsh environments. All of these factors the main reasons as to why they are great for the indication of the paleoenvironment and helping with the biostratigraphy

After the study and identifying the foraminifera individual, we were also able to conclude what type of test it has, and it is subdivided them into different groups 1- Textulariina which are the agglutinated foraminifera with organic or mineral cement. The second division is the 2-Rotaliina which are identified as perforate hyaline lamellar calcite that was formed due to the calcification on either side of a natural membrane which can also be classified as the more calcareous test 3-Miliolina which can be identified as the porcelaneous test which has high magnesium and calcite

To determine the general and the species, we must analyze and study their morphological structure. The samples were previously collected b the professor in the location SM 187 and SM 143. In the project, benthic foraminifera was identified and managed in the eastern part of Abu Dhabi lagoon at two places that are different. They represent the diverse set of assemblages which may illustrate the changes. Another main objective is to be able to describe the content of the gathering as well as to see changes which may occur in the spatial distribution.

A study which was done in the southern basin of the Venice lagoon located in Italy in which they collected 95 samples of foraminifera, both alive and dead from the Venice lagoon which has an area of approximately 552 km 2 where 67% of the area of the lagoon which is below the mean sea level include the morphologic subareas. Also the area above the mean sea level are the area in which the fish pond has the property of.

The study area consists of channels and tidal flats in which they were able to collect 96 bottom sample that has sampled an area of approximately 32cm 2, the areas that had more than 32 cm 2 were treated as a model of the biocenosis.

The fraction which had the most superficial characteristic was taken. After the sample preparation, they collected 300 individual foraminifera in each sample leaving them with 29, 000 foraminifera in total and as a result a total of 49 foraminifera species where identified and counted. The most dominant species that were identified and are approximately 51% of them were present at each station and were about 95% of the total fauna were Quinqueloculina, seminulum, Ammonia beccarii, Valvulineria perlucida, Elphidium. The abundant lease species which only had 0.29% of the total fauna count is Quinqueloculinae whose occurrence in the region is related to the hydraulic importance of the tidal channels available. The results that were acquired had a missing part of the actual extension of the uniform environmental condition was due to the enormous anthropogenic intervention that occurred in the spatial as well as the temporal variabilities of both the chemical and physical factors which in result had made fully understanding and defining the environment difficult.

After selecting and grouping the foraminifera samples, they were then studied carefully to successfully categorize and allocate each foraminifera in the sample SM1603 a total of 314 foraminifera were collected, and from this 314 foraminifera, the majority of them came from the genera Triloculina and this widespread species were found. Triloculina (Sp.1) 2- Triloculina Affinis 3- families comprise 43% of the total assemblage. The second largest families that were found was Quinquloculina and species were found in sample SM1603 1- Quinquloculina Tantabiddyensis which is 23% of the total assemblage.

The following genera are Ammonia which only comprises of only one species which is Ammonia Tepida which is 16% of the total assemblage. The next specie which is 6% of the entire collection is the Peneroloplis Planatus and specie which also comprises of 6% of the total assemblage is Elphidium. The whole assemblage can be divided into two orders according to their test 1-Miliolina and 2-Rotaliina where 77.7% are comprised of Miliolina, and 22.3% is made out of Rotaliina. The next sample that was studied is sample SM871 where 576 foraminifera individuals were collected

As seen in the results above both samples exhibit common genes that were identified. The common genes that were found were(, Spirocoloculina, Triloculina, Quinquloculina, and Milionella). However, there was a species that was found in SM871 which was the Agglutinate Clavulina Pacifica, but it was not found in sample SM1603 this was probably due to the location of the area. The SM871 shows that it further away from the open sea, so the sediment influx in this area is less which led to the accumulation of the sediments on the Clavulina while SM1603 shows that it was closer to the open sea area. Both samples show that the most abundant genera that were classified were Triloculina. However, the amount of Triloculina found in SM1603 has a percentage of 43% of the total foraminifera assemblage, and in SM871 it is only 27% of the total

Conclusion

In conclusion, after studying all the foraminifera samples collected, it was found that there were approximately 11 genes found in each sample. The genera Triloculina dominated the majority of both samples. The main differences that were observed are the abundance of Peneroliplis planatus in sample SM871, and the interpretation was there was more seagrass in that area since Peneroliplis planatus tend to live on top or within the seagrass. The other difference that was seen is the abundance of Ammonia is SM1603 simply because the environment in that area suited the Ammonia better. If more research was conducted in the area, research the geochemistry or salinity and how it affected the foraminifera will be identified. Also, if more samples were collected more species could have been found which will lead to better results.