Introduction
Domestic terrorism refers to the terrorists who orchestrate ideological based crimes in the US without foreign influence both tactically and philosophically. There are many categories of domestic terrorism which are defined by the ideology behind their criminal behavior (Piazza, 2011).
The Animal Rights Extremists
This category of domestic terrorism involves violent illegal activities orchestrated by animal rights extremists in the name of animal rights. The animal rights extremists are dangerous because of their violent crimes against businesses and individuals cause losses in human life and property. The philosophical underpinning behind this category of domestic terrorism is the fight for animal rights protection (Chandler, 2017).
The Anarchist Extremists
This is a category of domestic terrorism in which orchestrators commit crimes to postulate their anarchist ideals. Anarchist ideals are founded on the philosophy that autonomy and collective equality is necessary for a civilized society. Based on these ideals, anarchist extremists seek to oppose the existing hierarchical social structure because they are against a few individuals having control and power over the population (Bjelopera, 2012). The anarchist extremists continue to pose a significant threat to national security especially during the Trump administration which has faced considerable opposition based on his policies.
Anti-Government Extremists
This category of domestic terrorism involves sovereign citizens who act against the government based on differing ideologies. The anti-government extremists are individuals who are against the rule of law and order in the country and sometimes can be against arrests and in other times attack government officials and installments to prove their aggression (Kurzman, Kamal, & Yazdiha, 2017).
The White Supremacists Extremists
This category of domestic terrorism includes the group of individuals who believe that the white race is supreme over all other ethnic groups. This is a racial hate category of terrorism that involves extremist racists who commit crimes against other ethnic groups. The white supremacists have in the recent time orchestrated hate crimes towards Jews and African Americans (Johnson, 2008).
Hate Crime
Hate crime is any violent activity against an individual or a group of people based on racial, sexual, political and other forms of prejudice. In this case, the crime involves targeting individuals based on their membership to specific groups in the society (Bjelopera, 2012). For instance, violence activities towards gay's couples due to their sexual orientation is a hate crime. Hate crime is significant especially in the United States due to the high population diversity.
List the categories of hate groups operating in the U.S.
- Neo-Nazi Group
- White Supremacists
- Anti-LGBT
- Anti-Immigrants
- Anti-Muslims
Anti-Muslims
The Anti-Muslims is a category of a hate group that has risen in existence due to terrorist activities which are linked to the Muslims. The Anti-Muslim groups do not separate between good Muslims and radical Muslims and condemn all people of the Islamic faith as terrorists. This type of hate group has come to be known as Islamophobia and involves the fear, prejudice, and hatred towards Muslims and Islamic religion who are viewed as a source of terrorism or from a geopolitical point of view. Recently, President Donald Trump has associated the radical Islam and Muslims as agents of terror which have encouraged the Islamophobia tendencies amongst Americans (Strickland, 2018). The terror groups strengthen Anti-Islam hate crime with Islamist justifications such as the Islamic State which has caused the view the Muslims are terrorists.
References
Bjelopera, J. P. (2012). The domestic terrorist threat: Background and issues for Congress. Congressional Research Service.
Chandler, E. L. (2017). Animal rights extremism and the use of intimidation (Doctoral dissertation, University of Surrey).
Johnson, M. P. (2008). A typology of domestic violence: Intimate terrorism, violent resistance, and situational couple violence. Boston: Northeastern University Press.
Kurzman, C., Kamal, A., & Yazdiha, H. (2017). Ideology and Threat Assessment: Law Enforcement Evaluation of Muslim and Right-Wing Extremism. Socius, 3, 2378023117704771.
Piazza, J. A. (2011). Poverty, minority economic discrimination, and domestic terrorism. Journal of Peace Research, 48(3), 339-353.
Strickland, P. (2018, October 22). Anti-Muslim campaigning in the US is a 'losing strategy': Report. Retrieved from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/10/anti-muslim-campaigning-losing-strategy-report-181022182211655.html
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