Essay Example on John C. Calhoun & the South Carolina Exposition & Protest

Introduction

John C. Calhoun wrote the "South Carolina Exposition and Protest" in 1828 following the Nullification of Tariff threat. The document protested against the 1828 Tariff, which was also termed as Tariff Abominations implying the act in which foreign markets safeguarded the domestic industry (Calhoun 1). Various opponents of Tariff agreed on the measures that were unequal, oppressive, and unconstitutional to the states. Hence, the article indicates how Calhoun in the "South Carolina Exposition and Protest," advocated for the tariff nullification. In "the Kentucky Resolutions," the Kentucky and Virginia legislature passed the measures to protect the Federalist Sedition acts and Aliens. The resolution was introduced by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, which concerned with the revolution within the firm sector to defend and sustain the Constitution of America against both domestic and foreign aggression. Thus, resolution aimed to prevents the limitations of civil liberties according to the Alien and Sedition acts, unlike the constitution.

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Differences between "The Kentucky Resolutions" and "South Carolina

Exposition and Protest" Articles

In the documents of "South Carolina Exposition and Protest," the legislature in South Carolina advocated the subjects to impose the duties on imports, unlike the revenue to protect the industry from the issues of oppression, corruption, unconstitutional and inequality. The committee failed to collaborate with the Tariff system of the constitution since the general government was powerful and had rights and obligation to exercise its authority. The documents reiterate the interest of agriculture in the South to maintain the system of the South West as well as the government. However, people are blaming the mismanagement of the funds because they are embezzled for the interest of prosperous manufactures. So, the assertion was to encourage more production industries in the States to ensure a continuous supply in the industry. Hence, the Tariff was to reject foreign competition to acquire a monopoly in the market.

In the article "The Kentucky Resolutions," Jefferson bases his argument on national government between the states since it imposes the undelegated power rather than allowing the nation to decide their authority, which requires resolution. The assembly indicates that the state union would support the laws of the federal government to maintain their liberties, rights, and powers (Koch and Ammon 1948). The goal of the general meeting is to protect the interests of the constitution. Jefferson bases his argument on national government between the states since it imposes the undelegated power rather than allowing the nation to decide their authority, which requires resolution.

Besides, the documents portray the concept of oppression. Europe has been facilitating trade leading to a mutual exchange of the commodity. However, the conflict emerges due to competition for the monopoly market. For example, some people are chased to the home market rather than engaging the trade across the world where they experience challenges. The present system opts to consider the issue of inequality and oppression associated with the Tariff system. There is a need for reformation among the committee to protect the interest of minor subjects in terms of injustices and discrimination. The transformation aims to discuss the matters pertaining the liberty and politics to eradicate corruption among the citizens.

Similarities

Both articles base the arguments on the irresponsible federal government where the system has offered proper checks in the department to protect the laws related to constitution supremacy as well as preserve the interest of the States. For instance, "South Carolina Exposition and Protest" the State and General Government has power through veto to protect the vulnerable against the interest in the society. However, they are driven by egocentric and selfish gain. Thus, the existence of a powerless government brought anarchy and conflicts since they facilitate corruption and oppression.

Also, in "the Kentucky Resolutions," the commonwealth people establish the union to appeal mutual friendship and happiness within the General Assembly doth. According to the "Alien and Sedition act," the congress exercises its authority to ensure the federal government unites both judicial and legislative powers as well as executives. Hence, these forms of government advocates for freedom when applying their duties or responsibilities. So, the appropriate measures will be introduced to establish state cooperation to maintain the liberties, rights, and authorities among the individuals. The violation of the constitution would bring doubts to various states in connection to their regulations. Hence, the laws are vital to the legislatures among the sister states to ensure appropriate law and order.

Conclusion

Both articles that are "the Kentucky Resolutions" and "South Carolina Exposition and Protest" blame the federal government for the irresponsible acts against the vulnerable citizens. For instance, in the article "the Kentucky Resolutions." Jefferson bases his argument on national government between the states since it imposes the undelegated power rather than allowing the nation to decide their authority, which requires resolution. The country can nullify the national law by advocating for reformation among the committee to protect the interest of minor subjects in terms of injustices and discrimination. Also, there should be reformation on Tariff to ensure the domestic industry is protected against the foreign markets.

Works Cited

Calhoun, John. "The South Carolina Exposition and Protest." (1828). Retrieved from https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/South_Carolina_Exposition_and_Protest

Koch, Adrienne, and Harry Ammon. "The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions: An Episode in Jefferson's and Madison's Defense of Civil Liberties." The William and Mary Quarterly: A Magazine of Early American History, 1948, pp:145-176. 10.2307/1917453