Electronic Warfare: Impeding Enemy Assault With EM Spectrum - Essay Sample

Introduction

Electronic warfare denoted as EW is a term describing the use of electromagnetic spectrum for enemy attacking, impeding the assault teams of the enemy, or an action involved in the redirecting of energy to help in the control of the electromagnetic spectrum. Electromagnetic warfare works by using the focused energy, commonly the laser light waves, or the radio waves to disable and confuse the electronics of an enemy combatant. Electronic warfare may also involve the collection of radio signals from an enemy combatant by listening to their calls. The paper, therefore, includes a wide range of issues touching on the basic electronics with the inclusion of the difference between analog and digital signals, and units of measure. Other items that will suffice are on the fundamentals of radio waves, those of radio communication, and cellular and satellite network communication.

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Basic Electricity and Electronics

Basic electricity and electronics deals with non-calculation conception in understanding the principals involved in electricity. It is a Physics branch that deals with the study of the movement of electrons in the creation of electricity and how the electric signal is moved to the electrical products. It introduces magnetism, the theory of electrons, the flow of atoms, and the static electricity. Basic electricity focuses on how current is measured in an electronic system, the voltage used, and the resistance. There exist two main types of current electricity and static electricity. Static electricity occurs when two or more surfaces are rubbed together, which results in friction, whereas current electricity involves the flow of charged electrons across a given electric field (Lichtman, Poston, Amuru, Shahriar, Clancy, Buehrer, & Reed, 2016). There are three central units involved in basic electricity that is current (I), voltage (V), and resistance (R). Resistance and voltage are measured in watts and ohms; the electric power of electricity is also measured in watts.

Analog signals are characterized by continuous and smooth waves, whereas digital signals are discrete, stepping, and square. Digital signals have a countable set containing all possible values between two to infinity. In contrast, analog signals have no set of countable values, the fact that their waves are smooth and continuous makes it hard for them to have a finite number. Digital signals have discrete waves, which means that the waves can take a finite number and can be counted from two to a sizeable infinite number (Lichtman et al., 2016).

Fundamentals of Radio Waves

All existing waves, such as radio waves, have similar basic properties that are diffraction, interference, and reflection. A radio wave can be identified and described by its amplitude (height), frequency, and length. Radio waves are types of electromagnetic radiation that have wavelengths that are longer than those of infrared light. Studies show that radio waves have the most extended wavelength in the electromagnetic spectrum. Their frequencies range from 3 kHz to 300 GHz with corresponding wavelengths of about 1 millimeter to 100 kilometers. Radio waves are used in air-traffic, and navigation control short waved radios and broadcastings in televisions and radios. Polarization describes how the field of electricity of a given radio wave is aligned (Lichtman et al., 2016). If the waves vibrate in multiple random orientations, then they are said to be unpolarized. Radio waves can get polarized when the magnetic and electric fields are oscillating perpendicularly; this enables the radio waves to be transmitted from one place to another.

Fundamentals of Radio Communication

• Master oscillator
• Power amplifier
• Modulator
• Power supply
• Radio Waves

A radio signal is transmitted from a source through the antenna, which has a specific signal effect. As the radio waves spread away from the antenna away from its origin, the results become weak. The diagram shows how radio waves travel from a given source through an antenna until it is ready to be used as communication. The analog radio system is the radio with continuous signal values; they are used on several occasions, although the invention of cheap reliable digital systems is quickly taking the place of analog radio communication systems. Digital radio communications are represented using a sequence of ones and zeros (binary number). Radio communication systems can either be classified as digital radio or analog radio depending on the quality of sounds they produce. Digital radios of the modern world have more quality than analog radios (Riihonen, Korpi, Rantula, Rantanen, Saarelainen, & Valkama, 2017). A radio network system is defined as a broadcast type that works by distributing programs across many stations at once, or with slight dalliance for communication purposes. The radio network works by carrying invisible energy through a series of ups and downs of magnetism and electricity. The action, in turn, moves waves from massive antennas that are connected radio station

Cellular Network Communication

Cellular network also known as a mobile network is a form of communication network that is distributed over cells and in which the last link is wireless. Cellular communication is a type of communicational technology that adopts and allows the use of cell phones. A cell phone is a two-way radio that provides for the simultaneous reception and transmission. The network is always based on geographic communication coverage division. Satellite communication systems allows for pictures or videos of a geographic area to be seen or taken (Riihonen et al., 2017). As long as the receiver is not in a region that affects the transmission of the waves, satellites and mobile networks can be used nearly everywhere in the world. The long-range cordless phones allow one to have a maximum of four concurrent calls at the same time. The range of cordless phones can be increased by purchasing a repeater, which will boost the strength and the scope of the phone.

Conclusion

In electronic warfare, one has to understand everything that the enemy combatants use, whether it is analog or digital radios, their satellites, the type of phones, and whether their communication network is robust. The understanding will help them understand their enemies well and know precisely when to hit. When they collect the information, they will be able to device an attack plan that may lead to the defeat of their enemies. Suppose they plant a bug in the enemies' communication network systems; the military personnel will be able to listen to all their enemies' plans and device a strategic attack. If they have a satellite for the location of the enemy attackers, they will be able to learn about their movements and shifts and how they carry themselves. They can even use an electromagnetic pulse to jam the enemy communications and render them defenseless during the attack. Electromagnetic warfare is the most effective way of attacking or defeating an impending assault team. The efficacy is on the ability to acquire much information about the enemy and devising workable strategies.

References

Lichtman, M., Poston, J. D., Amuru, S., Shahriar, C., Clancy, T. C., Buehrer, R. M., & Reed, J. H. (2016). A Communications Jamming Taxonomy. IEEE Security & Privacy, 14(1), 47-54. https://www.buehrer.ece.vt.edu/papers/Com_Jam_Taxonomy.pdf

Riihonen, T., Korpi, D., Rantula, O., Rantanen, H., Saarelainen, T., & Valkama, M. (2017). Inband Full-duplex Radio Transceivers: A Paradigm Shift in tactical Communications and Electronic warfare? IEEE Communications Magazine, 55(10), 30-36. https://tutcris.tut.fi/portal/files/21171367/Inband_Full_Duplex_Radio_Transceivers_2017.pdf