Effectiveness of NRF & NIMS in Disaster Response - Essay Sample

Effectiveness of NRF and NIMS When Responding to Disasters

NRF has foundational emergency management doctrine that specifies how it responds to every type of disaster. In essence, NFR is constructed on adaptable, flexible, and scalable concepts identified NIMS to align critical responsibilities and roles across the country (Glarum & Adrianopoli, 2020). The framework's responsibilities, tasks, and structures can be fully or partially implemented in hazards' context to respond to an event. Procedures and structures' implementation provides a scaled response, specific capabilities and resources' delivery, and appropriate coordination level to every incident.

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Different organizations cooperate in responding to emergencies and disasters. Many organization works together to respond to more complex or more extensive the incident. In the context of a residential fire, emergency medical services personnel are redistributing, transporting, and triaging injured to a voluntary organization, a local organization, and a local hospital (Zykov, 2018). The police officers may be present at the scene to provide security. Also, public works are current to provide traffic control. In essence, at a residential fire, firefighters lead the charge. In response to disasters like earthquakes or hurricanes, disaster' complexity may increase to the extent where the Federal Government involved (Draft, 2019). In such an incident, voluntary organizations and businesses are vital stakeholders offering specific services. The NRF provides organizations' foundation to unify, integrate, and coordinate their response.

Recent disasters' unprecedented scale has contributed to continued innovation to respond to operation and displayed the need to establish resilient capabilities in response to increasing disasters' magnitude and frequency (Glarum & Adrianopoli, 2020). The NFR framework describes community lifelines services to provide continuous operation of critical business functions and government and is crucial to economic security, human safety, and human health.

Recent disasters have displayed two community lifelines' features that specify opportunities to strengthen responses in operations and planning. Ideally, community lifelines are vulnerable and interdependent to prevalence failures. Electric power systems and communication works in tandem in responding to disasters, and community lifelines depend on a complex supply chain (Draft, 2019). Wastewater service and water rely on the resupply of broader chemical arrays. Community lifelines stabilization depends on infrastructure and business operators and owners who are experienced and experts in managing emergency systems. The private sector needs a large and more significant role in the response and preparedness of activities. Notably, the NRF is founded on helping businesses, nongovernmental organizations, citizens, and jurisdictions to build capacities, integrate continuity plans, and develop the whole community plan to address cascading failures among infrastructure sectors, supply chains, and businesses. NFR collaborates with NGOs and private sectors to make community lifelines stable and to foster the restoration of service in difficult situations. Ideally, when the community lifelines are stable, they become vital in responding to catastrophic incidents.

The NFR outlines ways to enhance response structures and coordination to prepare for any catastrophic incident. The community can handle these challenges by scaling up the existing capabilities and existing plans. New mechanisms are required to integrate and supplement those current plans to enable cross-sector coordination (Draft, 2019). However, NFR does this with a lot of respect of private sector partners' roles and agencies authorities at every government level

Impacts of the Core Mission of the Homeland Security Department

Homeland Security Department plays a crucial role in preventing terrorism. Thus, it helps the nation in protecting and preventing unauthorized use and acquisition of nuclear, radiological, biological, and chemical capabilities and materials, preventing terrorist attacks, and lowering the risks to the country's most critical events, leaders, and infrastructure. In 2014, the Quadrennial Homeland Security Review displayed advanced community engagement efforts, networked, and a more integrated method to counterterrorism (Alperen, 2017). Department of Homeland Security works with other federal agencies and departments such as Justice and Defense to prevent the attack. DHS protects the National Special Security Events, critical facilities, and leaders by responding, minimizing, and deterring to identify threats and vulnerabilities against the White House Complex, other sites, Vice President, President, and other protected individuals.

The DHS has countered threats fuels by lone offenders and individuals who are inspired by violent extremists' ideas to commit and radicalize terrorism acts against Nations and the United States. The threats can be in different forms based on independent actors' nature, which may be challenging to detect. DHS disseminates, fuse, and analyze terrorism information by using threat analysis and sharing information across the homeland security organization.

Homeland Security department has prevented terrorist travel into the country by improving risk-based targeting, international cooperation, and information by focusing on foreign fighters (Zykov, 2018). The DHS enhances aviation security by enacting risk-based mitigation approaches. The Department also strives to prevent the hostile nuclear material's use against the country by preventing and deterring adversaries from nuclear materials and weapons' smuggling and improving detective ability of nuclear materials and weapons out of department regulatory control. DHS has improved transportation security by applying a multi-layered risk-based to detect dangerous items and malicious actors at different exit and entry points in trade and travel system. DHS seeks to enhance coordination among stakeholders and foreign governments to improve transportation security operations and increase pre-departure screening among willing partners to reduced risks from foreign countries. DHS counter violent extremism by collaborating with partners to convey information to the private sectors, families, communities, and frontline law enforcement partners on how violent extremist apply the internet to safeguard the communities and themselves. DHS supports community integration efforts and community-based efforts, including local law enforcement programs.

DHS has interdicted and identified unlawful movement and acquisition of radiological, biological, chemical, and nuclear materials and precursors. DHS achieved this through leveraging enforcement and investigative assets towards an international and domestic movement of contents by actively participating in sharing information with other stakeholders to control and monitor the technology (Alperen, 2017). Over the years, DHS has been successful in preventing, locating, and detecting the use of hostile nuclear weapons and materials, radiological, biological, and chemical substances. Department of Homeland Security has a national leadership role for improving security to the critical infrastructure and safeguard National Special Security Events, facilities, and key leaders.

The Department has mitigated risk across broader activities' portfolios such as the financial services sector, the trade and travel system, the food and agriculture sector. DHS keeps unchanged guards over influential leaders, especially at a time of high-profile events, and lowering the chances that a situation can be exploited by terrorists or criminal actors. DHS works to combat terrorism and transnational organized crime. In this context, DHS prevents illicit flows of goods and people between ports of entry and expedite and segment streams of products and people at port entry. DHS works towards improving the resilience and security of international travel systems and the global supply chain.

Historical Events

In 1992, the Federal Response Plan preceded over the framework that relied heavily on responsibilities and roles. Following the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001, many urgent efforts were created to respond to incident management and establish a common planning framework (Sims et al., 2016). In 2004, the National Response Plan (NRP) document was designed to replace the previous structure, which was adopted after one year following the creation of DHS. The new NRP created a new ground of every government level in all incident management framework. The NRP included the coordination responsibilities of federal agencies as stipulated in presidential directives and several new laws. After Katrina' landfall within nine months since NRP operation, a notification of NRP changes was released, encompassing the preliminary lessons learned following the hurricane season of 2005.

Stakeholders proposed changes to NRP, which entails substantive and structural factors. They assert that the initial and the 2006 NRP iteration were internally repetitive and bureaucratic. Also, users stated that NRP significantly fails to address national issues sufficiently, which prompted the need to have clear responsibilities and roles to every party engaged in the response (Glarum & Adrianopoli, 2020). The other complaint was that the NRP failed to structure an exact operational plan that could easily be absorbed by emergency managers. NRP content did comply with the title promises.

Over the past years, the national operational planning for specific incidents' types has advanced. Both the private and public sectors have recorded a significant impact on homeland security investment to enhance the response capability of the United States. A reasonable response to a specific incident is the shared duties of every citizen, NGO, and private sector (Sims et al., 2016). The new framework enables the Federal government to partner with the private sector and state, tribal, and local government to complete operational and strategic plans for other incidences in the National Preparedness Guidelines.

The Department Of Homeland Security Policies and Procedures' Effectiveness

Homeland security and technology are inextricably connected. For that reason, DHS establishes communication and coordination mechanisms across the DHS international affairs organizations to ensure component, Departmental, and national are synchronized. Communication is needed to boost a tiered response (Sims et al., 2016). In most instances, disaster begins and ends locally and are executed and managed at a tribal or local level. An emergency requires unified communication to facilitate a better response from NGOs, tribes, the private sector, and local agencies. Some incidents may need extra support from bordering state government or jurisdiction. For that reason, DHS strives to maintain the pace with leverage research and technology to spearhe...