Education of Fluid and Dietary Management - Essay Sample

Abstract

This particular extended literature review has applied a systematic review procedure to highlight issues on how the education of fluid and dietary management among chronic dialysis patients improve the quality of life. To effectively explore the works of literature, various databases were used, which included IEEE Xplore, BRITISH NURSING INDEX, MEDLINE, and OVID. The databases were found to be useful since they mostly entailed academic journals about various medical studies. In the completion of the searching process, a total of six articles were selected based on the set inclusion and exclusion criteria that were laid down by the author.

Is your time best spent reading someone else’s essay? Get a 100% original essay FROM A CERTIFIED WRITER!

Save 25%

In the discussion section, the discussion was organised based on the emerging themes from the results some of which included: Patient Quality of life and independence; Altered monocytic phenotypes are linked with systemic inflammation and may be linked to mortality in dialysis patients; dataset supporting blood pressure prediction for the self-care management of chronic haemodialysis patients; self-care education enhances the self-esteem of the patients; Content of patient education for chronic renal failure patients undergoing dialysis treatments, and pre-dialysis education; preparing patients for therapy. All the themes were discussed in detail. Lastly, the conclusion was drawn to summarise the entire extended literature review (ELR).

Introduction

Globally, chronic dialysis has become a significant health issue to the population since the number of patients that are being maintained on the haemodialysis before renal transplantation is drastically on the rise. However, non-adherence to the process of haemodialysis still negatively affects the care of chronic dialysis patients, thus resulting in an increased figure in morbidity and mortality among the affected patients. The issue of non-adherence to haemodialysis tends to be a significant setback in the effective management of the ESRD (End-Stage Renal Disease) patients (Richards, Gouda, Durham, Rampatige, Rodney & Whittaker, 2016). ESRD is the final stage of chronic kidney disease, and at this point, the functionality of the kidney is very low, it may require dialysis or transplant (Kammerer et al. 2007, p.479). The process is long term, and it is crucial if the patient is educated on how to enhance self-care to promote quality of life.

Some of the published literary works show that an estimated 50% of people with chronic dialysis undergoing haemodialysis seem to be effectively adhering to their specific treatment protocol (Falvo, 2010). Can poor adherence be due to inadequate health literacy as a result of the lack of chronic dialysis patient's education? According to Fissel et al. (2016), non-adherence to the treatment plan among the affected population with chronic dialysis is majorly due to inadequate of patient's education based on their conditions. Many studies have revealed that through adequate patient educations, the chronic dialysis patients can be in a position to manage their situation via self-care independently, thus promoting their quality of lives (Lopes et al. 2007, pp. 3538-3546).

Background

Various epidemiological data indicate that chronic dialysis disease impact on averagely 10% of the world's population (Heung et al. 2012, pp.956-961). The complications of the long-term diseases are majorly attributed to the ageing among the population and the rate of civilization (Assal and Golay 2001, pp.65-69). However, the capacity of a nation to initiate renal replacement therapy worldwide significantly relies on a country's financial resource capacity. For instance, an estimated figure of 25,000 chronic dialysis patients is provided with renal replacement treatment in Poland, with about 30% patients having active transplanted kidneys, and 585 are under haemodialysis (Diem et al., 2016).

Delmar et al. (2006, pp.261-268) the chronic dialysis patients' education have much importance on the medical providers and the dialysis patient, for example, the education empires patients to enhance their quality of health and health status. When the nurses strive to improve the patient's involvement in their care, the patients are likely to engage in several interventions that can facilitate their recovery and quality of life and health improvement.

According to Falvo (2015), an efficient and effective patient education begins from the point chronic dialysis patient is admitted and continues to the time of discharge from the hospital. However, the nurse needs to take advantage of the opportunity throughout the chronic dialysis patient's stay to educate him or her about self-care. Such self-care instructions can encompass teaching an individual on how to self-inject insulin or change a pouching colostomy system and how to excises and check on one's diet among other skills.

Baraz et al. (2010, pp.60-68) patient education is crucial since it helps minimize the chance of elapse in which the chronic dialysis patients may go home and resume unhealthy habits or not adhere to the treatment process of their condition. The nurses have the responsibility as well to assess their patients to identify the most effective ways to educate them about their health situation; they also have to create a rapport with patients (Haddad, Butler & Tylee, 2016). There is an effect of education in determining the quality of life and self-care motivation in chronic dialysis patients; thus, education needs to be initiated to promote independence and self-care in chronic dialysis patients; the patients can be educated of fluid and dietary management among chronic dialysis patients.

Reduction in non-communicable diseases has been a significant concern throughout the globe. The Global Action Plan for the prevention of long-term diseases 2013-2020 highlights the set strategies to minimize the combined mortality, such as infections by 25% by 2025(World Health Organization, 2013). Nonetheless, the GBD 2015 report also approximated that over 1.2 million individuals succumbed to kidney failure in 2015, that is, a drastic increase of over 30% since 2005 (Briggs, 2018). Additionally, an approximation of 6 million individuals with end-stage kidney diseases died without accessing chronic dialysis in 2010'and, over 1.6 million people are estimated to die from acute kidney issue every year (Kong, 2017). Based on the limited epidemiological data, it is stated that several factors such as lack of awareness, inadequate patient education and regularly poor accessibility to laboratory services may be facilitating the kidney infection

Knowledge of health-promoting conducts has been regarded significant in enhancing health-promoting lifestyle among the world's population, that is, delivery education to patients' results into promoting self-care and improving the quality of life of the patients undergoing haemodialysis.

The health-promoting education behaviour on fluid and dietary management among chronic dialysis patients has resulted in the quality of life of the patients as they can effectively embrace the self-care (Wukich & Raspovic, 2018). The effect of patient education impacts in all domains of a patient's life such as sport, nutrition, control of health and even self-actualization; since the effect of such chronic disease on the health conduct of an individual and requirement to use long-term dialysis by patients and enhancing the adherence of the patient to the entire process of haemodialysis (Demetri et al. 1998, pp.3412-3425). Nevertheless, patient education on fluid and dietary management among chronic dialysis patients are currently considered as one of the significant parts of a nurse's responsibility or duty.

Focus Question and Rationale

To guide the extended literature review, the following research question was designed

Does an educating chronic dialysis patient on fluid and dietary management help to improve patient health and independence?

PICO style table

Example:

P (patient) Chronic dialysis patients

I (intervention) Education on fluid control and dietary management

C (comparison) Not having fluid and dietary education

O (an outcome of interest) Improve the quality of life

The nursing course has developed an interest in patients suffering from kidney-related diseases. These because many people are losing lives and necessary precautions need to be taken. This topic will focus mostly on how to train the patients to take care of themselves with confidence. It is the responsibility of the nurses to take care of the patients, and this is the primary motivating factor for choosing the topic of education on the self-care of the patients (Barnes, Hancock, and Dainton 2013,pp.10-18). Several pieces of evidence indicate that a lack of knowledge and awareness amongst patients regarding self-care has resulted in different complications and even death.

The patients should be aware of self-care like strict adherence to dietary, the volume of fluid intake, and taking care of vascular access, amongst others. The appropriate education which is involving kidney disease, the treatment process, and the hemodialysis complication will improve the general health of the patients and the emotional, mental, and social conditions of the chronic disease patients. Self-care behaviours can also be achieved through the promotion of cognitive factors like self-efficacy. Being that haemodialysis is a long term process; the patients will be educated on fluid and dietary management among chronic dialysis patients (Barnes, Hancock and Dainton 2013, p.15).

In the past, most studies have focused on self-care behaviour and giving low attention to improving self-efficacy in patients undergoing the treatment process (Rambod et al. 2010, pp.359-364). It is a nurse's knowledge that there is a lack of kidney patient's education in promoting self-care behaviour, which involves the application of self-efficacy theory.

Methodology

This part tries to determine the approach used the establishment of the selected research topic, and shows the procedure conducted in the design of this particular extended literature review. Six articles were chosen for the analysis and interpreted. The literature review will provide a systematic analysis of recent and past evidence concerning the relevant subjects to the topic under study. It is evident that through effective education, the self-care of a patient with long term d...