Barriers of Climate Adaptation & Sustainability in Developing Countries - Annotated Bibliography

Introduction

Research Question: What are the barriers of climate adaptation and sustainability in developing countries and how do they affect the natural environment and the need to fulfil the needs of the growing population.

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Isler, P. L., Merson, J., & Roser, D. (2010). Drought proofing Australian cities: Implications for climate change adaptation and sustainability. Int. J. Soc. Behav. Educ. Econ. Bus. Ind. Eng, 4(10), 351-359. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.977.4769&rep=rep1&type=pdf

The management of water in the urban areas of Australia has been facing a lot of pressure to deal with drought challenges resulting from different uncertainties that emerge from climate changes and a growing population. Advocates of the management of sustainable water supply in the cities struggle to find a new way to deal with the increased demand for water. The adaptation of climate change in the water sector has been leveraged by prediction of the rise in average temperatures that increase evapotranspiration that leads to more moisture in the air.

The moisture increases the frequencies of heavy rainfall in the air and sometimes floods that may cause drought. The idea of natural systems fluctuating with a variability has had a substantial effect on the process of planning for the water supply by policymakers and water managers. They are faced with the task to create coping strategies that help them understand the significant consequences likely to be realized in the process of dealing with climate change consequences on the sources of water.

Mauree, D., Naboni, E., Coccolo, S., Perera, A. T. D., Nik, V. M., & Scartezzini, J. L. (2019). A review of Assessment Methods for the Urban Environment and its Energy Sustainability to Guarantee Climate Adaptation of Future Cities. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 112, 733-746.

Current climate change being realized in different countries of the world has created a need for a reduction of demand in energy and greenhouse gases. Several software tools have been developed to mitigate and develop strategies for adaptation to different changes in the climate. Urban development has been a significant cause of climate changes as more people choose to live in the cities, and more industries are developed, increasing the possibilities of excessive gases being emitted to the environment. First responders to climate change have created measures to deal with flooding and surges of storms in urban spaces that may be realized due to the increasing changes in climate and overflow of buildings.

Wachsmuth, D., Cohen, D. A., & Angelo, H. (2016). Expand the frontiers of urban sustainability. Nature, 536(7617), 391-393. https://www.nature.com/news/polopoly_fs/1.20459!/menu/main/topColumns/topLeftColumn/pdf/536391a.pdf

Sustainability in the twenty-first century is changing a lot with the increasing skyscrapers that are being realized in Manhattan replacing the rustic rural towns. Research on sustainability policymaking and research abilities shift their focus on the production, distribution and consumption of different products that may change the climate of the area. The primary housing facilities that are being adopted in the urban areas have led to an increase of carbon emissions that affect the environmental goals set aside for regional development and housing.

The stability of communities is affected by greening that favor the wealthy in the way that they use land and the regulations that favor them. Pollution from the carbon emissions in the significant towns affects their climates, reducing the amount of rain experienced and causing prolonged adverse effects on the environment. With the gas emissions from global greenhouses expected to triple in the next decade, the policymakers are faced with the tasks of ensuring that they minimize the effects of the gases on the environment and the supply of water, especially with the pollution that waste is likely to cause in the towns.

Sivakumar, M. V., & Stefanski, R. (2008). Climate change mitigation, adaptation and sustainability in agriculture. In SYMPOSIUM ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND VARIABILITY (Vol. 1, p. 44). http://www.cost734.eu/reports-and-presentations/6th-management-committee-meeting-in-oscarsborg/oscarsborg_p19.pdf

Sustainability is a long term activity that policymakers use in the process of management of the environment, mainly due to the rising population numbers and a reduction of valuable land, especially in most developing countries. Non-renewable energy sources have been declining, and the environment has been degrading, making various policymakers to be faced by the hard task of ensuring that they reduce the way that natural resources are exploited. Sustainable agriculture is essential in multiple countries and economies all over the world as it helps to conserve the need for current and future generations while ensuring that natural resources are conserved.

Warming of the climate alters the ecosystem of the Arctic, which helps to support wildlife and fish that are harvested by the local communities. The government and several markets support tourism and direct local economies which help to support various activities in the society. A community assessment is conducted, and an analysis of the sustainability of the community helps to stimulate the interaction of people with the environment and how they adapt to a change of environmental and economic conditions.

Research shows that warming of the climate alters the main functions of ecosystems with various indigenous communities expressing concerns that the climate change effects on ecosystems pose a threat to their lives and the natural environment. Greenhouses have been a significant menace in the conservation of the environment and the climate. All four sources are related because they show how various events are caused by excessive economic activities that affect food security and availability of freshwater for consumption as well as a habitat for wildlife and aquatic life.

Conclusion

Climate change affects sustainability mainly in developing countries with agriculture facing a lot of pressure to meet the needs of the people while ensuring that it meets the quality of preservation of the environment on which it is practised. The policymakers of various countries worldwide should have a strategy that sustains agriculture, especially in developing nations.

References

Isler, P. L., Merson, J., & Roser, D. (2010). Drought proofing Australian cities: Implications for climate change adaptation and sustainability. Int. J. Soc. Behav. Educ. Econ. Bus. Ind. Eng, 4(10), 351-359. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.977.4769&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Mauree, D., Naboni, E., Coccolo, S., Perera, A. T. D., Nik, V. M., & Scartezzini, J. L. (2019). A review of Assessment Methods for the Urban Environment and its Energy Sustainability to Guarantee Climate Adaptation of Future Cities. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 112, 733-746.

Sivakumar, M. V., & Stefanski, R. (2008). Climate change mitigation, adaptation and sustainability in agriculture. In SYMPOSIUM ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND VARIABILITY (Vol. 1, p. 44). http://www.cost734.eu/reports-and-presentations/6th-management-committee-meeting-in-oscarsborg/oscarsborg_p19.pdf

Wachsmuth, D., Cohen, D. A., & Angelo, H. (2016). Expand the frontiers of urban sustainability. Nature, 536(7617), 391-393. https://www.nature.com/news/polopoly_fs/1.20459!/menu/main/topColumns/topLeftColumn/pdf/536391a.pdf