Annotated Bibliography: Matrilineal vs. Patriarchal Cultures: Gender Risk Aversion Impact

Liu, E. M., & Zuo, S. X. (2019). Measuring the impact of the interaction between children of a matrilineal and a patriarchal culture on gender differences in risk aversion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(14), 6713-6719. doi:10.1073/pnas.1808336116

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It is credible because it is a peer-reviewed article. The paper is a case study of the Mosuo matriarchal nature. The authors are Elaine M. Liu and Sharon Xuejing Zuo. Sharon Xuejing Zuo is an assistant professor at Fudan University in Economics. Elaine M. Liu is a professor at the University of Houston in Economics.

It dives into the gender roles of the Mosuo people. The Mosuo are matriarchal. Women in Mosuo hold more positions than men. Men are not allowed to take up leadership positions in the community. They are mostly responsible for taking care of young family members. In the source above, it shows the economic role that women play in Mosuo society. Kinship ties to the women lineage, and all women are household heads. Mosuo women are also responsible for the financial functions in the family. It also talks about the social culture of the Mosuo people. Mosuo people live in houses in extended families. They all stay under one roof between generations.

It is ethnographic because it is a direct study on the economic roles of women in the Mosuo culture. It touches on key concepts in ethnography like social culture, gender, and modern culture. The authors give a detailed analysis, providing statistics, and giving information obtained from interviews of the people themselves.

It matters as it reveals not only the cultural aspects of the Mosuo but also the effect of the cultural elements on the upcoming generation. It shows how vital Mosuo Culture is, as it is one of the few cases where women lead rather than men. Men have almost the same status as women but hold fewer responsibilities. In communities surrounding the Mos, most of them are patriarchal. Due to education, kids from different communities interact with each other. Interaction usually affects the kids, and they begin seeing different cultures differently. It explains the cases where families are breaking away to form smaller ones. They do it to sustain themselves financially as the economic aspects of the community evolve.

Mattison, S. M., Beheim, B., Chak, B., & Buston, P. (2016). Offspring sex preferences among patrilineal and matrilineal Mosuo in Southwest China revealed by differences in parity progression. Royal Society Open Science, 3(9), 160526. doi:10.1098/rsos.160526

It is credible as it is a peer-reviewed journal. Other works have also cited it. Siobhan Mattison works in the Department of Anthropology in the University of New Mexico. Bret Beheim works in Germany at Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Demography. Bridget Chak works at Massachusetts General Hospital in the Center for Human Genetic Research. Peter Buston works at Boston University in the Department of Biology.

It covers the culture of the Mosuo people in China. It shows the culture where the people of Mosuo prefer female children to male children, unlike other communities in China. It also shows the economic activities of the Mosuo people, which are mainly agricultural activities like farming and livestock keeping. Due to the matriarchal nature of the Mosou, it is normal for them to value female children. They firmly believe that they can continue the community as it is. Therefore, they preserve their culture.

It is ethnographic as it derives direct research and not secondary sources. The authors indicate how they were able to conduct their research by visiting the locals after liaising with the local leaders and the police. It is a clear representation of the well-done study.

It matters as it describes an essential behavior in the culture of the Mosuo people. The Mosuo people are matriarchal, and they often prefer girls to boys when it comes to birth issues. Both men and women do most of the community planning. However, when it comes to matters of giving life, women are given the upper hand. They believe that women do it best, and it is their responsibility. It explains why women take up more significant responsibilities in the community.

Ji, T., Wu, J., He, Q., Xu, J., Mace, R., & Tao, Y. (2013). Reproductive competition between females in the matrilineal Mosuo of southwestern China. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 368(1631), 20130081. doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0081

It is credible as it is a peer-reviewed journal. Credible authors write it. Ting Ji works for the Institute of Zoology in Beijing, China. Jia-Jia Wu works at the Department of Anthropology for the University College London. Qiao-Qiao He works at Beijing Normal University in the School of Mathematical Sciences.

It covers the culture of the Mosuo people, precisely their matriarchal nature. It shows how the families live together, up to three generations. It also shows the economic activities of the Mosuo people, and in the text, it covers mainly their farming activities. It also describes the values of the society, with hard work and sharing the main ones. With these values, they can live peacefully.

It is an ethnographic source as it is direct research. There are no cited sources, but rather research through observation and other data collection methods. The authors also state that they conducted a census within the area of occupation.

It matters as it shows how fellow women in the matriarchal community of Mosuo can live together and balance their roles. Not only their economic roles but also their purpose of sustaining continuity of their family.

Walsh, E. R. (2005). From Nu Guo to Nu'er Guo. Modern China, 31(4), 448-486. doi:10.1177/0097700405279243

It is a credible source as it is a peer-reviewed journal published by sage. Eileen Rose Walsh is a qualified professional in anthropology and has mainly taught in various educational centers.

It discusses gender roles in the Mosuo community. Women are more dominant than men, and they can even choose their male partners independently. Women take up leadership roles, and men take up a lower social status. It also discusses the culture of the Mosuo compared to the general perception in China.

It is an ethnographic source as it is direct research by the author. No other sources are p. It has not copied any original work.

It matters because it provides an in-depth analysis of the right roles of women in the Mosuo culture. It shows how women have so much power, and indeed, they run the community, which is matriarchal.

Zhou X. (2005). The women's kingdom. Retrieved from https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/rough/2005/07/introduction_tolinks.html

Xiaoli Zhou is a journalist and an award-winning filmmaker. In the above article, he reported on the Mosuo culture. It is credible as it is a credited website with Xiaoli Zhou as the author. He also conducted first-hand research.

The author analyzes several concepts relating to the course. The author discusses the economic activities of the Mosuo people, which is mainly farming and livestock keeping. The author also discusses the overall social culture of the community, including marriage, language, and matriarchy in the same city. The author also gives the spiritual beliefs of the Mosuo people.

It is ethnographic because it is direct research on the Mosuo people. It gives details on the population, geographical location, culture, and matriarchy within the Mosuo community. It further provides details on economic activities, marriage, and the role of women in the Mosuo community.

It matters as it is a direct representative of the ethnic community of the Mosuo people. It shows how the Mosuo people are a small population in a vast country with around 1.3 billion people, have been able to keep their ethnic values. The Mosuo community is about 56,000.

Kuhn, A. (2016, November 26). The place in China where the women lead. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2016/11/26/501012446/the-place-in-china-where-the-women-lead

It is credible because it is a credited website with Anthony Kuhn as the author. It is first-hand research and does not rely on secondary research or other articles. It is a new source, and it is a credible website. It is a reflection of the current ethnic setting of the Mosuo people. It does not cite any other articles.

It represents several concepts in the course. One is the culture and the other family. Women head the families, and the author reported that women are even allowed to have several lovers. All women are mothers, and it is a clear indication of matriarchy. Women are also almost solely responsible for all financial functions. A new trend happens where families send their women to cultural centers to entertain tourists as dancers land they can make a living. All the proceeds belong to all family members.

It is ethnographic as it is a direct study on the cultural values of the Mosuo people. Mosuo community is matriarchal, and women perform most of the roles, from leadership to economic functions.

It matters as it shows how tourism has affected the culture of the Mosuo people. Not only tourism but also government policies and assimilation into the external culture as the area evolves. The author says that even men are now taking up leadership positions in the community, a situation which was unheard of before.