4 Modes of Inquiry in Clinical Reasoning: Observations & Evaluation Plan - Essay Sample

Introduction

The hypothesis is an explanation made out of limited evidence as a go-ahead for further investigation. There are many types of thesis. However, in clinical reasoning, there are four modes of inquiry which include; empirical, ethical, aesthetic and, sociopolitical. The report aims to outline the methods of inquiry, prioritize the relevant hypothesis and design an evaluation plan for the priority hypothesis.

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In empirical research, conclusions are strictly extracted from substantial empirical and verifiable evidence. There are two methodologies used to analyze empirical research which are quantitative research methods and qualitative research methods. Quantitative research methods collect information through numerical data which is used to assess behaviours, opinions or defined variables. Some of the used methods are applied polls, longitudinal studies, survey etc. Qualitative research methods gather non-numerical data which is used to find underlying reasons, opinions or meanings from its subjects. The methods are semi-structured or unstructured. The sample size is the small and conversational type of method. Some of the popular forms are interviews, experiments etc.

In an ethical mode of inquiry, ethics refers to principles which can change earlier considerations about actions and choices (Schultz, 2015). Clinical ethics refers to solicitation of ethical theories, rules, principles and guidelines to clinical affairs in medicine. Three major ethical speculations are deontology, virtue ethics and consequentialism. They offer useful perception and are congratulatory, rather than opposing. Principlism is the most common viewpoint, and, the practitioner must sustain the relevant principles: respect to the beneficence, justice, non-maleficence and anatomy. Alternative approaches such as care-based ethics, narrative ethics and feminist ethics, help in defining the restrictions of principlism and issues a wide outlook on medical ethics.

Aesthetic inquiry isolates a field of relevant information, interpreting it and significantly preparing hypotheses to describe the law-like reoccurrences appearing in the situation under investigation. Aesthetic being the principles underlying the efforts of designer and their movements have become a global conversation in the humanities. The main reason is to solve questions about the convergence between politics, history, culture, theory and art. This is an opportunity to exchange ideas and create new knowledge. There are different approaches to aesthetics.

A sociopolitical inquiry is a deserted process for surveying social issues, themes, ideas and, institutions. It helps in gaining information about social groups like class, family and community. There are different modes which help to support research efforts and understand problems to apprehend human behaviours, as in groups or as an individual. The patterns include natural scientific method of inquiry, descriptive mode of inquiry, critical mode of inquiry, post-modern mode of inquiry and, contemporary hermeneutics. Natural scientific mode of inquiry looks like a social domain which is not different from the natural domain. It studies social occurrence with techniques of physical sciences. A descriptive model of inquiry attaches relevance to understanding social and personal explanations that shape human life. Critical mode of enquiry is the process of collecting and evaluating data, assumption and ideas from perspectives of analysis. Post-modern mode refers to an approach that defines how people have advanced to an era beyond modernity.

According to the information in the scenario, the ethical hypothesis is the relevant one to use. In the moral hypothesis, there is a strategy that goes side by side with clinical reasoning and follows a plain affirmation of the problem, careful collection of information, a differential diagnostic evaluation, and, a justified plan. The medical practitioner should be well qualified to handle ill clients and how to deal with different ailments. According to the state of the 82 years old Ruth, in the scenario, the practitioner should first study the current situation and perhaps look at the past medical history to determine the measures to take for the right treatment of the patient. Then he/she should collect all the data on what the patient is experiencing. In this case, Ruth has nausea and is vomiting blood, lack of appetite, dizziness, apparent laboured breathing and loss of memory.

Nausea can be as a result of different issues such as ulcers, pain, medications, heartburns or infection. Common reasons for vomiting blood maybe stomach ulcers, stomach-inflammation aspirin side effects etc. more serious causes maybe if the patient has pancreatic cancer, oesophagal cancer and many more. Lack of appetite may be due to many conditions, for example, diabetes, asthma etc. apparent laboured breathing can be caused by a cold, smoking, chest infection or being overweight. Memory loss can be caused by medication, stress and depression, head injury, stroke and many others.

Differential diagnostic evaluation is a record of possible diseases or conditions that may be causing particular symptoms. After conducting a differential diagnosis, the doctor then does some additional tests to be able to rule out a specific state or disease to come to a final diagnosis.

An evaluation plan is a written report that explains how to evaluate and monitor the program and how to use the results for decision making and improvements. There are steps used in the evaluation, and they include planning, development, implementation and action and improvement. In preparation, identification of crucial evaluation points is important. This ensures that all stakeholders get knowledge on the project's structure and outcomes to be expected. Design evaluation questions and describe the outcomes. The outcomes may be divided into long and short terms or described by the number of people the project affects versus the changes that may not take place until after the completion of the project. Develop an appropriate design for evaluation which highlights useful data about the objectives of the projects and inscribes its problems. Collect data- involves the collection of information and recording it. Analyzing information - data should be examined for accuracy, reliability and relevance, before being submitted to the audience. In conclusion, an evaluation plan should have the following elements: purpose, audience, issues, resources, evidence, data gathering techniques, analysis and finally, reporting.

References

Bolton, R. (2010). Two standards for inquiry in Aristotle's De Caelo. In New Perspectives on Aristotle's De caelo (pp. 51-82). Brill.

Fraleigh, S. H., & Hanstein, P. (Eds.). (1998). Researching Dance: Evolving modes of inquiry. The University of Pittsburgh Pre.

Penrose hypothesis and ethical implications. (2015). Developing World Bioethics, 15(3), iii-iii. DOI:10.1111/dewb.12097

Query Evaluation Plan. (n.d.). SpringerReference. DOI:10.1007/springerreference_65578

Schultz, W. (2015). The Chemical Imbalance Hypothesis: An Evaluation of the Evidence. Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry, 17(1), 60-75. DOI:10.1891/1559-4343.17.1.60