Transnational Crimes: Effects Across Borders & Beyond - Research Paper

Introduction

Transnational crimes are criminal activities that have an international approach by nature, which also involves border transference. Such crimes also take part in a different country, but the actions affect other nations. These types of crimes also have potential or actual effects across borders of countries that lack the fundamental value of protecting the community (Bisschop, 2017). In most cases, the transnational crime term is used in academic communities and law enforcement. Transnational organized crime, in other words, also refers to the transnational crime but arranged by crime organizations. The essay will elaborate on more human trafficking between China and India.

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The term transnational elaborates more on crimes that take place between borders to the border. Such crimes also take place in one country, but the significant effect is felt by other nations as well as transit countries. Suitable examples of transnational crimes include people smuggling, drug trafficking, arms trafficking, as well as illegal plants and animals that are prohibited in some countries (Bisschop, 2017). Transnational crimes can also be international crimes or customary international law based on the circumstances the crime was committed. For instance, some situations give way for the crime against humanity to take place.

Human trafficking is the most leading trade of humans purposely for sexual exploitation, trading of organs, labor, extraction, selling of organs, and sex slavery. Human trafficking is also a criminal activity that is done against a person's wish because the actions that take place are not in their belief. This type of exercise is also a violation that goes against human rights bestowed against every person by God. In most cases, human trafficking does not consider the movement of a person. Every year, approximately $ 35 billion is spent through international trade (Bisschop, 2017). Two countries that are famous in this type of illegal business are India and China.

China is a country that operates as the originator, the transit, and the final destination for trafficking children, women, and men for sexual exploitation and forced labor. Neighboring countries like North Korea, Laos, Mongolia, Burma, and Vietnam, as locations like Zimbabwe and Romania, are greatly affected by human trafficking (Shuai & Liu, 2019). Localized and small gangs are the ones that take charge in these regions. In most cases, the victims are locked in a place and then coerce in the debt bondage. For instance, in North Korea, the victims are forced to become prostitutes. China has many reasons why human trafficking takes place.

The growth of industries such as the construction and manufacturing companies and the lack of employment facilities due to the rural workers have facilitated human migration. A research conducted by the Ministry of Public Security for trafficking revealed that more than 50% population in the entertainment industries and marriage were forced. Girls, in this case, that was between 16-20 years were the ones abducted. The same study also showed that even though human trafficking was at its peak in the past, more than 7,000 children and 20,000 women were rescued from such operations (Shuai & Liu, 2019). During this rescue, 200 more were saved from working in industries they never chose.

Human trafficking made China take actions that would stop such activities from becoming a nationwide movement. The first step it took was to introduce the local emergency numbers and the anti-trafficking program to report any illegal activities to the authorities. The punishment for such actions included increased imprisonment and penalties for the criminals. China has also upgraded the criminal code to discourage forced labor (Shuai & Liu, 2019). One way China manages to do is that they partnered with INTERPOL to make the situation more manageable the government. China also designed a National Plan for Action to eradicate human trafficking (Shuai & Liu, 2019).

Similarly, India also passed through human trafficking, where children, men, and women were affected. Every year, approximately 700,000 to 900,000 human beings were trafficked (Barua, 2018). The majority of them were given fake promises and ended up being dumped either in sexual exploitation or forced marriages. India is also a country that is in transit and the final destination for many victims. Kids that were trafficked compelled to work in industries, but those that refused ended up being beggars. Also, many cases for kids showed that their owners sexually exploited most of them. Due to such cases, the government developed the Penal Code expressly to prevent human trafficking. This law also came with severe penalties. The country has also established schemes like 'Ujjawala' to be of help financially to prevent trafficking (Barua, 2018). The new system was created to combat human trafficking for girls was the 'Laadli.'

Conclusion

Transnational crime confronts the international community because the criminal activity conducted in one country affect several others. Excellent examples include terrorism, computer crimes, human trafficking, and drug trafficking. These types of events are operated with people living outside the country but have the same interest when it comes to prosecuting the perpetrator. Similarly, these types of criminal activities also take advantage of trade liberalization, the explosion of new technologies, and globalization to perpetrate crimes that pertain to people, services, goods, and money intentionally to cause violence.

References

Barua, S. (2018). Human Trafficking in India. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development, 2(3), 2453-2455. doi: 10.31142/ijtsrd12794

Bisschop, L. (2017). Transnational environmental crime: exploring (un) charted territory. Transnational Environmental Crime, 3(2), 3-32. doi: 10.4324/978115084589-2

Shuai, H., & Liu, J. (2019). Human Trafficking in China. The Palgrave International Handbook of Human Trafficking, 1-13. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-63192-9_130-1