The Relation Between Golden Ratio and Beauty of Human Faces Essay

In the experiment, we are in a position to observe that there exist a certain level of attractiveness in regards to the length and width of their faces. Even though there may exist some differences in the absolute level of attractiveness based on the different facial features, the optimal width and length ratios are constant. As such, these golden ratios of the three faces correspond to those of an average face (Abbas, 2017). The average rations represent an accurate reflection of the averages which is not a regression towards the mean. As a result of our findings, we can understand why some hairstyles make an unattractive face to appear to be attractive. The change in hairstyle may alter the length or the width of the faces and as a consequence alter the length and width ratios and as such alter the perceived attractiveness of a face. The findings suggest that even though different faces differ significantly in term s of absolute attractiveness, for each face, there exist some intrinsic beauty that is revealed by the optimal spatial relation that occurs between the facial features (Danikas & Panagopoulos, 2004).

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When regression analysis is used to assess the relationships that exist between the face attractiveness and length ratios, then we can conclude that the facial attractiveness has a curvilinear function with the length ratio (Danikas & Panagopoulos, 2004). We are in a position to demonstrate the optimal ratio that depicts attractiveness of the various individual faces because our comparison involves faces that have the same facial features but different spatial relations which have an overall effect on the attractiveness of the individual features. We used the Chi-square Goodness of fit test to get the attractiveness score of the faces and also assess the reliability of our data (Thapa & Thapa, 2018). When we plot the attractiveness score s against the width or length ratios, then we derive the probability distribution graph as shown below. From the graph, we can try and identify the optimal length and width ratios for the individuals and make a conclusion that different face differs significantly on absolute attractiveness, but there exists an optimal spatial relationship between the various facial features that often reveal the intrinsic facial beauty (Thapa & Thapa, 2018).

For an ideal facial proportion then the distance that is measured from the top of the nose to where the lips center is should be 1.618 times the distance measured between the center of the lips up to the chin. Also, the hairline that is found on the upper eyelid should measure 1.618 the length measured from the top of the upper eyebrow to the lower eyelid. At the same time, the ideal ratio measured for upper to lower lip volume should be 1:1.6 with the lower lip having a slightly more volume than the upper lip (De Vreede, 2017). As such beauty can be said on to be on the eyes of the beholder alone but also in the eyes of the 'beholden.'

From the study, we can also deduce that the optimal spatial relations found in the study can also coexist in harmony where the preferences and tastes for sexually dimorphic facial features exist (Zaidel & Hessamian, 2010). A woman who got larges lips which in turn suggests that she has a strong mating potential and has average width and length ratios will always be more attractive and appealing than a woman who has small lips with average length and width ratios. However, it is yet to be determined whether the preference of an average width and length ratio can be stronger than that of the sexually dimorphic trait (Abbas, 2017).

Since our ideal length and width ration is based on female faces only, we can assume that they represent an average female ratio while that of the male counterpart is different. However, this variation can be different across race and age thus producing different length and width. The eye-mouth-eye angle has both the vertical and horizontal components (Thapa & Thapa, 2018). However, even with the perfect positioning of the facial features, other factor comes to play and thus affects us on how we perceive beauty. Each person has a variety of facial expressions and emotions depending on the mood in which they are in, i.e., when happy their faces light up but when angry their face is dull. The human faces tend to conform more closely to Phi especially when a person tends to smile. A warm smile is regarded mathematically to be more attractive than when one is angry, arrogant or full of contempt (De Vreede, 2017). However, symmetry is not considered to be an essential factor when one is considering beauty. Most of the universally face that are accepted to be beautiful is far from been symmetry. However, the golden theory only applies when we're considering the physical beauty as we have our different tastes about what constitutes the beauty of the face (Danikas & Panagopoulos, 2004).

References

Abbas, S. (2017). Golden ratio. Resonance, 22(1), 51-60. doi:10.1007/s12045-017-0432-y

Danikas, D., & Panagopoulos, G. (2004). THE GOLDEN RATIO AND PROPORTIONS OF BEAUTY. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 114(4), 1009. doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000138702.13724.26

De Vreede, L. J. (2017). The Nanometric Golden Ratio: The Relation between Gold Volume and Nanopore Diameter. Biophysical Journal, 112(3), 155a. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.850

Thapa, G. B., & Thapa, R. (2018). The Relation of Golden Ratio, Mathematics and Aesthetics. Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 14(1), 188. doi:10.3126/jie.v14i1.20084

Zaidel, D. W., & Hessamian, M. (2010). Asymmetry and Symmetry in the Beauty of Human Faces. Symmetry, 2(1), 136-149. doi:10.3390/sym2010136