The Politics of Inequality: How Fear of Aristocracy Shaped America's Economic Divide

Chu, J. M. (2008). The politics of inequality: A Political History of the Idea of Economic Inequality in America. The Journal of American History, 95(2), 520-521. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/224898429?accountid=776

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The author focuses to examine how the fear of aristocracy influenced the ideas about inequality in ancient America. According to the author, the persistence of economic inequality in the 19th and 20th century is as a result of industrial capitalism, wage labor force, and economic disparities of social classes. The source is valid because it is peer-reviewed. The source is relevant to the topic because it explains how economic inequality in America was influenced by the ideologies of capitalism and industrial development.

Leccese, S. (2017). Economic Inequality and The New School of American economics. Religions, 8(6), 99. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel8060099

The author examines the roots of economic inequality in America between 1865 and 1900. According to the author, economic inequality was caused by the industrial revolution that sparked social tensions. Additionally, the economic doctrines in the 19th century escalated the issues by increasing the wages of a few people. The source is relevant because it provides historical information on the origin of inequality. The source is valid because it is a peer-reviewed source.

Winston, M. (2017). Economic Inequality as a Societal Issue: The Role of Access to Information in Fostering Social Change. Journal of Information Ethics, 26(2), 54-71. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/2027533279?accountid=776

The author researches on how economic inequality is a social problem. According to the author, the complexity of wealth distribution results in economic inequality in society. Economic inequality is a social problem because it widens the gap between the rich and the poor. The wealth gap hurt society in general by creating poverty, unemployment, and low levels of social mobility. The source is valid because it is peer-reviewed and, it has focused its research on America. The Source is relevant for use in the study because it links economic inequality with societal problems.

Lorenzi, P. (2016). Inequality and Economic Growth. Society, 53(5), 474-478. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12115-016-0049-x

The research focuses to examine how economic inequality affects the economic growth of a country. The research findings' suggest that economic inequality slows down the economic growth of a country. According to the author, economic inequality is affected by political freedom, rule of law, wealth transfers, social mobility, and elected leadership. Throughout the research, the author illustrated how all these factors are influencing economic inequality in America, thus making the source valid and relevant in studying economic inequality in America.

Rogers, J., & Westheimer, J. (2017). Teaching about Economic Inequality in a Diverse Democracy: Politics, Ideology, And Difference. PS, Political Science & Politics, 50(4), 1049-1055. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1049096517001287

The researchers focused to find out if the American Citizens are aware of the economic inequality in America. From the study, the authors found out that most of the American citizens did not have information about economic inequality. According to the authors, democracy should strive to distribute wealth equally but this has not been the case in America. In America, most people lack to enjoy equal opportunities because of economic inequality. The source is relevant because it examines how democracy in America has failed to promote economic equality.

Wolff, E. N., & Zacharias, A. (2009). Household Wealth and the Measurement of Economic Well-Being in the United States. Journal of Economic Inequality, 7(2), 83-115. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10888-00

The research examines the level of distribution of economic well-being of Americans. The research measured the households' wealth of the Americans and found out that there was a wealth gap between the whites and the African- Americans. Also, the research found that the difference in wages influenced a person's household wealth further widening the gap between the rich and the poor. The source is valid because it is peer-reviewed. The source is relevant because it provides information on the economic difference between the whites and African-Americans by measuring their household wealth.

Simpson, B. P. (2009). Wealth and Income Inequality: An Economic and Ethical Analysis: JBE JBE. Journal of Business Ethics, 89(4), 525-538. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-0014-8

The author focused to examine the causal relationship between economic progress and inequality. The research found out that economic equality undermines economic progress. The author reveals that economic inequality is economically and ethically desirable. In America, the desire for economic progress is important and thus undermines economic equality. The source is valid because it is peer-reviewed. The source is relevant to the topic of discussion because it explains why modern America is still reluctant to promote economic equality with much focus being put on economic progress.

Berman, Y., Eshel Ben-Jacob , & Shapira, Y. (2016). The Dynamics of Wealth Inequality and The Effect Of Income Distribution. Plos One, 11(4) doi:Http://dx.doi.Org/10.1371/Journal.Pone.0154196

The author examines the social and economic problems created by wealth inequality. The research uses equations and the dynamics of wealth to illustrate how economic inequality affects personal savings and income distribution. The research found out that wealth inequality resulted in a substantial decrease in personal savings. The major decrease in personal wealth can be related to an increase in income tax rates, which increases the inequality surge. The source is valid because it uses quantitative analysis to show the effects of economic inequality. The source is relevant because the study can relate to a decrease in personal savings in America due to an increase in income tax.

Vega-Gordillo, M., & Alvarez-Arce, J. (2003). Economic Growth and Freedom: A Causality Study. Cato Journal, 23(2), 199-215. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/195592990?accountid=776

The research examines the causal relationship between economic growth and freedom. The research found out that there was a positive relationship between economic growth and standards of living. The authors suggested that economic freedom promotes political freedom, which eventually allows society to capitalize on economic growth. The source is valid since it is peer-reviewed. The source is relevant to the study tropic because it provides positive links between economic growth and economic equality.

Jong-sung, Y., & Khagram, S. (2005). A Comparative Study of Inequality and Corruption. American Sociological Review, 70(1), 136-157. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/218848246?accountid=776

The researchers evaluate how economic equality influences the rate of corruption. The research found out that income inequality increases the rate of corruption in a country, which eventually undermines economic growth. Additionally, economic inequality has influenced society to tolerate corruption as acceptable behavior. The authors conclude that economic inequality is the enemy of the economic progress of America. The source is valid because it is peer-reviewed and uses quantitative analysis to illustrate the interaction between inequality and corruption rate. The source is relevant to the study because it provides important information on the adverse effects of economic inequality.

Nuru-jeter, A., & Laveist, T. A. (2011). Erratum to: Racial Segregation, Income Inequality, and Mortality in US Metropolitan Areas. Journal of Urban Health, 88(2), 283. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11524-011-9567-4

The research focuses to evaluate how racial segregation in America is related to income inequality. Economic inequality is experienced by Americans of all races, however, the authors found out that income inequality higher among the blacks than the whites. According to the authors, racial segregation influences economic inequality in America. The source is relevant to the study because it explains why there is higher economic inequality among the racial groups compared to Native American citizens.

Breen, R., & Chung, I. (2015). Income Inequality and Education. Sociological Science, 2, 454-477. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.15195/v2.a22

The authors examined how the growing economic inequality in America affected American education. America strives to promote equality in education but income equality has undermined the policy. According to the authors, education inequality becomes a hindrance for all students to attain the same level of education. Today, not every qualified student joins college due to financial constraints. As a result, those who join colleges are valued more by being compensated with a huge wage, which further widens the inequality gap. The source is relevant to the study because it shows how economic inequality undermines education equality, which eventually widens the wealth distribution gap.

Thomas, C. (2015). Income Inequality and Economic Development in Latin America: A Test for the Kuznets Inverted-U Curve. Indian Journal of Economics and Business, 14(1), 143-161. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1680948691?accountid=776

The study reviewed the proposed theory by Simon Kuznets, which stated that the economic growth of the developing countries will lead to unequal distribution of wealth but later, it will promote economic equality after the country has developed. The author uses the Inverted-U- Curve to examine economic inequality of eleven countries in Latin America. The research found out that there was a correlation between income distribution and economic growth. The research is relevant to the study because it provides the correlation links between American economic developments with economic inequality.

Hayes, T. J., & Vidal, D. X. (2015). Fiscal Policy and Economic Inequality in the U.S. States: Taxing and Spending From 1976 to 2006. Political Research Quarterly, 68(2), 392-407. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912915578461

The authors aimed at investigating how governments' fiscal policies affected the redistribution of wealth. The research utilized fiscal policy tools (taxing and spending) between 1976 and 2006 to relate to the high levels of economic inequality. The research found out that taxing and spending influenced the income rates of American families, which eventually led to economic inequality. The source is valid because it is peer-reviewed. The source is relevant to the study topic because it provides necessary information on how government policies affect economic inequality.

Smeeding, T. M. (2005). Public Policy, Economic Inequality, and Poverty: The United States in Comparative Perspective. Social Science Quarterly, 86, 955-983. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/204358806?accountid=776

The author examines how government t policies play a critical role in influencing income equality. The United States has the highest leaves of income inequality compared to other rich nations. The author uses data from the U.S. congressional budget to evaluate the annual disposable income. The author found out that low spending and low wages influenced the final income of wealth redistribution. The source is valid because it uses quantitative data to measure the parity of income inequality. The source is valid because it provides important information that can be used in the study to relate economic inequality and government policies.