Statistics: P-Value Assessment for Validation of Hypotheses - Essay Sample

Introduction

Statistics is a mathematical theory that makes use of data in predicting the possible events. Therefore, the hypothesis can be validated based on the precise data under investigation or in instances where the data is manipulated. In testing the theory, a P-value is an essential element that is used by analysts to assess the significance of the findings. Therefore, a P-values can be defined as the probability related to the sample critical value. The tests conducted during the statistical evaluation are used invalidating the claim of the population. Typically, the application found on the tail is referred to as the null hypothesis (Hypothesis Testing. n.d.). In the cases that the null hypothesis is false, it is primarily attributed to the alternative hypothesis.

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Therefore, for this discussion, the last part of the fisher statement, he acknowledges that there is the uncertainty that is inherent in any statistical test. And according to the Oxford University Press, (2020), statistics can be defined as the science interference that is typically founded on the evaluation of the statistical information. And therefore, it is the nature of this inference that gives rise to uncertainty (Uncertainty, Error, and Confidence | Process of Science ... (n.d).

The second part of the statement gives more insight into how the statistical analysts can manage or minimize the level of uncertainty when conducting statistical tests. This can be achieved by defining as well as recognizing the pre-determined probability incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis (Editor, n.d.). Therefore, Fisher is expressing the need to manage the risks related to the conclusion drawn in the statistics as well as recognizing the acceptable significance level.

The determination of the level of significance is a subjective factor that is founded on the desired level of confidence in the population or the area of study (Jutte et al., 2005). For instance, take a restaurant determining the maximum amount of wine as well as soft drinks that are needed for a bridal event. Assume that there exists an upsurge in the marginal profit of one of the products over the other, and the client's behavior is inelastic, this means that the clients are most likely to purchase them both regardless of the availability. Therefore, the additional charge of the increased information gathered and assessment is prohibitive. For this particular illustration, let assume that the level of significance is estimated to be 10% alpha level or, in other words, a 90% confidence interval. Owing to the level of uncertainty, in this case, then there is less effect on the choice, more possibility can be accepted in the test. The illustration presented above, therefore, highlights how the hypothesis and the area or the topic of the study derives what can be concluded as the accepted level of significance

References

Editor, M. (n.d.). Understanding Hypothesis Tests: Significance Levels (Alpha) and P values in Statistics. Retrieved May 07, 2020, from https://blog.minitab.com/blog/adventures-in-statistics-2/understanding-hypothesis-tests-significance-levels-alpha-and-p-values-in-statistics

https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/statistics

Hypothesis Testing. (n.d.). Retrieved May 07, 2020, from https://statistics.laerd.com/statistical-guides/hypothesis-testing.php

Jutte, L., Knight, K., Long, B., Hawkins, J., Schulthies, S., & Dalley, E. (2005). The uncertainty (validity and reliability) of three electrothermometers in therapeutic modality research. Retrieved May 07, 2020, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1250265/

Oxford University Press. (2018). Statistics. Retrieved May 28, 2018, from

Uncertainty, Error, and Confidence | Process of Science ... (n.d.). Retrieved May 7, 2020, from https://www.visionlearning.com/en/library/Process-of-Science/49/Uncertainty-Error-and-Confidence/157