Some Questions on the Operational Design and JOPP

Note: Regurgitating doctrine is NOT enough to receive a passing grade on the exam; you must be able to APPLY what you have learned about operational design and JOPP.

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1. Operational Environment [10 points. Do not exceed one typed page.]

JP 5-0 states that The operational environment is the composite of the conditions, circumstances, and influences that affect the employment of capabilities and bear on the decisions of the commander included within these areas are the adversary, friendly, and neutral actors that are relevant to a specific joint operation. The Commander must be able to describe the current environment and how the environment should look when operations conclude to visualize an approach to solving the problem.

Using the reading on Operation Chromite, describe the operational environment in the summer of 1950. Your analysis of the operational environment should include, but is not limited to:

What does the current operational environment look like? Be sure to describe the conditions that have led up to the dire situation facing the U.S. Eighth Army at the Pusan Perimeter.

How does General MacArthurs vision for Operation Chromite relieve NKPA pressure on the U.S. Eighth Army in the Pusan Perimeter?

Using the reading on Operation Chromite, describe the operational environment in the summer of 1950. Your analysis of the operational environment should include, but is not limited to:

What does the current operational environment look like? Be sure to describe the conditions that have led up to the dire situation facing the U.S. Eighth Army at the Pusan Perimeter.

How does General MacArthurs vision for Operation Chromite relieve NKPA pressure on the U.S. Eighth Army in the Pusan Perimeter?

Using the reading on Operation Chromite, describe the operational environment in the summer of 1950. Your analysis of the operational environment should include, but is not limited to:

During that summer, the United States and UN were busy to ensure that they succeed in Peninsula. In early July at the expense of UN request, Commander-in-Chief by the name MacArthur took control of air and navy troops while Lieutenant General by the name Walter Walker who was the person in charge of commanding the Eighth United States Army, took control of the ground troops. They were supported with other forces as every person took control of their respective areas. During the same July North Koreas Peoples Army (NKPA) carried on with their plans as they divided at Taejon with one group heading to the west coast and the other heading to Pusan. The journey wasnt easy as they encountered logistic difficulties and air attacks from the UN troops. However the series of air attack alone could stop North Koreas Peoples Army (NKPA) from making their advancement to conquer the UN camp. The North Koreas Peoples Army (NKPA) also got reinforcement from the 1st Calvary divisions and 25th infantry which overpowered UN troops forcing them to move to the furthest end of Naktong River. At this point MacArthur and Walker chose a stand and it was either they fight or be evacuated out of Korea. This was their only chance or else they were also to be ejected out of the Pusan Perimeter which was 140 mile long. The Pusan Perimeter had just been established had been developed for the sake of winning the battle and drive the North Koreas Peoples Army (NKPA) out of the UN base. Through combined effort from other forces this saw the Eight Army win the battle due to condonation and better war strategy in battle field environment.

2. Strategic Guidance [10 points. Do not exceed one typed page. You should write one paragraph for each question below.]

JP 5-0 states that The President, Secretary of Defense, and Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff with appropriate consultation with additional NSC members, other USG departments and agencies, and multinational partners formulate strategic end states with suitable and feasible national strategic objectives that reflect US national interests.

What is General MacArthurs vision for the operational environment once Operation Chromite is concluded (end state)?

What are the roles of JTF 7 and X Corps in achieving General MacArthurs end state?

What is General MacArthur's vision for the operational environment once Operation Chromite is concluded (end state)?

What are the roles of JTF 7 and X Corps in achieving General MacArthurs end state?

From the reading General MacArthur's plans were to regain full control of the initiative. Even though he had already arrived at the remedy he had to figure out a better plan on how to conduct the whole exercise. His main or core vision was to take control of both the air and the sea through amphibious maneuvering then ambush the enemy using ground troops. This vision was note that easy to perform since the enemy was quite stringer than the UN forces leading to a delay in the plans. By August 12th MacArthur issued an operational plan having the code name as operation CHROMITE. Inchon was the primary target to be captured by amphibious assault. The major plan for the X corps was to conduct the amphibious landing at the Inchon where they were to drive into the main lands and safe guard Seoul. Besides X corps were also to go and cut the telephone lines of the enemys. Thereafter the Eight Army would later meet with the X corps in the southern parts of Seoul after carrying out their major attack. Inchon had a lot of landing difficulties such as very high tides, raised seawalls, narrow channels, extended mudflats, and finally resistance from the enemy. All these challenges had be overcome in order to be for the landings to be successful. Due to the nature geographical nature and the complexity associated with the amphibious landing operations, MacArthur knew it very well which forced him to form a Joint Task Force (JTF) 7whose main responsibility were to do the final touches of the landing. It was upon the Joint Task Force (JTF) 7 also to execute the landings in the most successful way as the only chance to overcome the enemy resistance.

3. Decisive Points [10 points (5 points for each decisive point). Do not exceed one typed page.]

JP 5-0 states that a decisive point is a geographic place, specific key event, critical factor, or function that when acted upon, allows a commander to gain a marked advantage over an adversary or contributes materially to achieving success (e.g., creating a desired effect, achieving an objective).

Identify and justify TWO key decisive points for Operation Chromite.

Identify and justify TWO key decisive points for Operation Chromite.

In the mid-September, the Inchon landing had been carried out successfully, the enemy were being attacked from every corner. Despite the fact that the UN faced a heavy resistance from the North Koreas Peoples Army (NKPA) they were also being bombarded from the air by the Eighth US Army. The continuous attacks made the North Koreas Peoples Army (NKPA) become weaker day by day until by 19th of September the British and United states finally won. By 20th of that same September both the US and British had gained strong grounds as they pushed their lack towards the Taejon. The combined force of both the United States and the British had a great impact since the results could be felt. Without constant reinforcement neither resupply they two nations were devoted in concurrent attacks both in air and on the ground. The North Koreas Peoples Army (NKPA) had no option but they were forced to move back along the whole Pusan line. They had moved to extent of 70 miles in a duration of one week. The enemies were demoralized by dropping them massive number of psychological warfare leaflets. The leaflets mostly encouraged them to surrender. This continuous attack from all sides born fruit since the NKPA resistance and all of its army totally slumped. This points out how MacArthur's predictions was very precise which saw the North Koreas Peoples Army (NKPA) ceasing to exist as an orderly fighting group within South Korea by the end of September. The unexpected attacks made the enemy to lack the idea on how to retaliate giving UN forces the full capacity to be in control of Inchon-Seoul. This provided the UN to be in charge of the decisive point.

4. Operational Maneuver [10 points. Do not exceed one typed page.]

JP 3-0 describes maneuver as the employment of forces in the operational area through movement in combination with fires to achieve a position of advantage in respect to the enemy. Maneuver of forces relative to enemy COGs can be key to the JFCs mission accomplishment. Through maneuver, the JFC can concentrate forces at decisive points to achieve surprise, psychological effects, and physical momentum. Maneuver also may enable or exploit the effects of massed or precision fires.

Describe how Operation Chromite supports the breakout of the Eighth Army at the Pusan Perimeter. In your description, EXPLAIN how Operation Chromite (1) reverses the situation at the Pusan Perimeter and (2) places the Allied forces in an advantageous position over the NKPA.

NOTE: As part of your answer, you must address operational maneuver for BOTH parts. You should write one paragraph for each part.

Describe how Operation Chromite supports the breakout of the Eighth Army at the Pusan Perimeter. In your description, EXPLAIN how Operation Chromite (1) reverses the situation at the Pusan Perimeter and (2) places the Allied forces in an advantageous position over the NKPA.

NOTE: As part of your answer, you must address operational maneuver for BOTH parts. You should write one paragraph for each part.

(1) At the Pusan Perimeter the Eighth Army received 25th Infantry and 1st Cavalry divisions from Japan which joined the other divisions in Korea. Within a short time they were also joined by the segments of 5h Marine regiment. The reinforcement of fresh military, which was armed with anti-tank rockets with measurements 3.5 inches had been airlifted all the way from the United States. The anti-tank rocket came along with some military of the UN and United States who deployed in various stations ended up turning the tides. While the UN forces were busy being pulled to furthest end of River Naktong the Eighth Army joined forces with other troops in order to keep foothold of the Peninsula.

(2) The allied forces were in advantageous position than NKPA since most of them had engaged in World War II. This had an upper hand because the allied troops were in a better position to recover from initial unpreparedness due to the residual skills. In addition most of the allied militaries were season veterans henc...