Questions and Answers on Astronomy Paper Example

The Makeup, Surface, and Atmosphere of Venus

Venus is mainly made up of carbon dioxide, small amounts of sulfuric acid and nitrogen. The combination of these gases in its atmosphere causes a greenhouse effect which heats the surface of Venus. The extreme heat produced makes it hotter than mercury (Gillon, Triaud, Demory, Jehin, Agol, Deck, & Bolmont, 2017).

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Why Planets Have Different Days and Seasons

Not all worlds do have a season as those experienced on earth. The primary reason behind this is that different planets have different axial tilt on which they rotate. The seasons' change is due to the planet's rotation around the sun (Gillon et al., 2017). The far away the sun takes longer to rotate which causes them to Mia the change in seasons.

How Stars with Different Masses Orbit Around One Another

A combination of two stars is called a binary star. Just like the sun, stars also revolve around their system of the planet. The orbit around a similar point is known as the centre of mass. The centre of mass varies from every world (Gillon et al., 2017). The small star will orbit faster on its axial as compared to a big star. Although they have the same force of gravity, the orbital of the more massive star is usually less. Both the stars will experience the same period of orbit around their centre of mass (Cucinotta, 2015).

Risks Which Human Beings Get Exposed To Due To Cosmic Rays and Radiations

The primary hazard affecting astronauts in space is the cosmic rays and extreme radiation. The significant risk of this radiation is that it breaks the DNA molecules which lead to cell damages. Too much exposure to these radiations can kill the cells (Gillon, 2017). The killing of body cells due to increased radiation often leads to long-term diseases and acute illness.

Differences between Radiations on Earth and Space

Unlike space, the universe provides natural radiation protection. The electric currents on earth produce a magnetic field in the liquid iron core of the planet. These magnetic fields extend into space hence shielding the surface from 99.9 % of the dangerous radiations. Space has no electric currents to protect astronauts in space (Gillon et al., 2017). Besides, the emissions on earth get shielded by the atmosphere. The protection of the atmosphere on the planet is estimated to be around one meter thick of a metal. Space lacks this atmosphere; hence the radiations there are not shielded (Cucinotta, 2015). They burn directly.

How International Space International Gets Assembled

ISS was built using tissues which were previously connected to earth and other pre-assembled modules. The construction was done using the mechanism of attachment to fix the masses and the modules together. After the design of Russian modules, they were released of their orbits by Proton launchers. They navigated and propelled themselves into their current ISS locations (Gillon et al., 2017).

How ISS is Resupplied

The ISS is resupplied by the resources such as gas, fuels, parts, foods, and experiment by the Progress Spacecraft. It is sent to the ISS station from Baikonur. It can replace important parts within a short notice hence enabling its reliability (Gillon et al., 2017). NASA is one of the organizations that are obligated with resupplying resources to space. Its contract deals took place in 2008 at the cost of $1.6 billion (Cucinotta, 2015).

Different Purposes of ISS Modules

The ISS modules are used as space management and microgravity form. Laboratory space management facilitates research processes under biology discipline. This module can also be used in experiments under physics, meteorology, and astronomy among other subjects (Gillon et al., 2017).

Kepler's Second Law

The orbital speed of a planet varies depending on its distance away from the sun. The gravity pull of a world is stronger on the earth which is closer to the sun. It becomes slower as the distance between the planet and the sun increase (Gillon et al., 2017). Hence, more gradual orbital move. Objects in orbiting around other objects will directly be affected by the gravitational pull on those objects.

Example of Kepler Second Law

In this law, it is evident mercury has a high gravity pull as compared to Pluto, which is far away from the sun (Alibert & Benz, 2017).

The Differences between Planetarium and Telescope

A planetarium is a unique building in which artificial recreational facilities of the night sky are shown. They are usually dome-shaped to enhance the apparent projection of the air at night hours. On the other hand, a telescope is a particular instrument used by astronauts to watch and study the sky during night hours (Gillon et al., 2017).

Advantages of Using the Telescope in the Teaching of Astronomy

The primary advantage of using a telescope is that one does not have to focus on seeing through the atmosphere of the earth (Gillon et al., 2017).

Advantages of Using Planetarium in the Teaching of Astronomy

It offers a wide range of coverage. It allows the astronaut can observe a large number of objects on the sky during the night. It can be used to teach early astronauts the techniques of celestial navigation. Researches promote literacy in science (Alibert & Benz, 2017).

Objects That Are Left When a Massive Star Dies

The materials a star leaves behind depend on the mass the star has. The collapse of the core can be at a point where the hanging electrons are crushed into atoms' protons. Upon breaking due to the miles the star rotated, different types of materials will be seen. They include singularity, a pulsar, and a black hole (Alibert & Benz, 2017).

Properties of Materials Left Behind When A Massive Star

The metals which are left behind upon the death of the star are usually substantial. They also combine a variety of other elements, and they can ignite if introduced to very high pressure (Gillon et al., 2017).

Type of Extrasolar Planets

The extrasolar planets that have recently discovered are called exoplanets. They have been named so because they have been found and recent studies show that they are outside the solar system and orbit around other planets instead of the sun (Gillon et al., 2017). They are found to contain a high concentration of gases than the other normal planets.

Why Theories and Myths about Stars Matter

Over time very many stories and other lore have been made about stars. These theories matter a lot. Starting from the earliest star watching by ancestors, they were able to observe some of the characteristics of the stars that have helped build the current scientific studies (Cucinotta, 2015). Upon seeing them, they would imagine and come up with different myths and theories regarding the stars to their younger generation. Astronauts use these theories to carry out more researches to understand the movement and nature of these stars (Cucinotta, 2015).

Why We Should Research In Space

Scientists have been doing thorough researches to understand the scope. A variety of studies have been conducted, and more are still underway. This kind of researches is essential. To start with, the research in space helps us understand the structure and orbiting cycle of the different planets and other exoplanets (Alibert & Benz, 2017). It also improves technology advancement as new equipment are created to help research space (Gillon et al., 2017). Space research by credible scientists also enables us to understand the causes and impacts of the different season variation we experience. The examinations give more information on several factors regulating the effect of radiation of the sun and how we can protect ourselves from the harmful emissions (Gillon et al., 2017).

References

Alibert, Y., & Benz, W. (2017). Formation and composition of planets around very low mass stars. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 598, L5. Retrieved from https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/abs/2017/02/contents/contents.html&ved=2ahUKEwjKtLOck5vhAhU6AWMBHcCZDWkQFjABegQIBBAB&usg=AOvVaw1OU8WDENb_FaR01zM64nSV&cshid=1553446727576

Cucinotta, F. A. (2015). Review of NASA approach to space radiation risk assessments for Mars exploration. Health physics, 108(2), 131-142. Retrieved from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Review-of-NASA-approach-to-space-radiation-risk-for-Cucinotta/81e753d300e77a87669f07b2a85df7f32dbf8c2a

Gillon, M., Triaud, A. H., Demory, B. O., Jehin, E., Agol, E., Deck, K. M., & Bolmont, E. (2017). Seven temperate terrestrial planets around the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1. Nature, 542(7642), 456. Retrieved from https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://europepmc.org/abstract/med/28230125&ved=2ahUKEwiL2NjKkpvhAhUcAGMBHUphDMIQFjABegQIBRAB&usg=AOvVaw0GlPK7bmJ_0iQkJno5fCcl