How A Spring Works and the Physics Behind It - Research Paper

Introduciton

A typical spring is described as a tightly wounded spiral or coil of a metal that has the ability to stretch when a force is applied to it and retains its original shape when you let go the force that was an applied. In other words, spring is elastic in that it stretches when a force is applied and goes back to its original position when the stressing force is removed.

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How a Spring Works

Imagine that you have a portion of steel wire about 15cm (6 in) long-something that looks like a long paperclip that you've unwrapped. If you try to pull it using your fingers then it's extremely hard to stretch it. try to coil it around a piece of wood and with the application of a little bit of effort you can create yourself a minor but perfectly functioning spring. Now you can try to pull or even push it with your fingers and automatically you'll find that you can easily stretch and at the same time squeeze it quite easily.

Several questions can, therefore, be analyzed about the piece of metal that has been used to make the simple spiral spring to illustrate how the spring works and functions. This includes such questions like:

• Why is it that the once-stubborn metal suddenly becomes so easy to stretch and cooperative?
• Why does a spring easy to squeeze and stretch even though the same piece of metal while in the form of a wire was so reluctant and difficult to alter its shape in the first place?

The changes that occur in the metal wire and the spiral springs can be used to clearly explain how the spring works

When a metal or any given material is in its original form then stretching that particular material involves tugging the atoms of the material from their respective positions in that particular metal crystal lattice and it is really very difficult and hard to do. This generally explains why the sturbon material was that difficult to stretch as compared to the spiral spring. In a situation that you are making up a spring then you have to work bending the piece of metal into shapes and this is nowhere as difficult compared to stretching the same piece of material while in its original position. In the process of bending the wire to form a spring you use energy and some of the energy is stored in the spring. Therefore once the spring has been created it is a little cheaper and easy to change its shape more and the more the winding a material has the cheaper it is to stretch or squeeze the shape.

Springs are good for absorbing energy. In a situation that you use a pushing or pulling strength to stretch the spring then you are generally using a force abovean aloofness so, in physics terms, you said to be doing work and therefore using energy. The tighter your springs the harder it is to deform that particular spring and therefore the more work you have to do, and the more energy you require. The energy that you use in the spring is not lost: most of it is generally converted and stored as potential energy within the spring. Release a stressed spring and you can be at a position to use it to do work for you. Take for example that when you wind a mechanical clock you're storing energy through tightening a spring. As the spring that was tightened loosens, the energy that was stored within it is slowly released to power the gears and to turn the pointers around the clock face for more than even a day.

Experiment Procedure

You will require the following for the experiment:

1. A breadboard made of white plastic on a black metal plate that permits easy connections to be made between wires, resistors, batteries, and so on. Use of the breadboard is easy to see but hard to explain in print and will, therefore, be explained in class. Physics 24 Lab 2 Spring 2009 21
2. A nominal 1.5 V cell. (The word "nominal" is a code word in physics that means "don't trust that this is actually so until you have measured it," i.e., caveat emptor.)
3. A pair of digital multimeters.
4. Two boxes of resistors.
5. Two unknown resistors (red and white), and a small lamp. The hook-up wire will also be available.

To conclude this quantitative association between the quantity of force and the quantity of stretch, substances of recognized mass could be involved in the spring. For each body which is added, the amount of elasticity could be measured. The power which is applied in bothinstances would be the mass of the object. A deterioration analysis of the force-stretch figures could be done in order to define the quantitative connection between the power and the quantity of stretch. The data table below shows some representative data for such an experiment.

Through drawing the force and stress data and performing the linear regression then the graph shows the quantitative relationship between the two

The linear regression analysis, therefore, yield this kind of result

The analysis shows that if a two different and parallel conductor each carrying each carrying a significant amount of current and in the same direction then they will attract each other and the same that carries current and are in opposite direction will repel each other as illustrated in the diagram below.

It is now concluded that since each loop of the current will be having current, each particular loop will, therefore, attract the adjacent loop and therefore the spring will be condensed. However, it can still go the other way, in a situation that we are having a magnetic coil then the magnetic effect around the coil will tend to bunch up and thus the spring will compress as a result. While at the same time, the coil has an electric resistance and therefore will tend to heat up. Most of the material loose elasticity when they are heat or warm and therefore will relax. This finding can be illustrated in the figure below

When a current is passed through a metallic spring then a magnetic field must be produced due to each of the coil of the spring. The spring will, therefore, acts like a solenoid and due to this, it will initially oppose the effect of the inductor that is the current and later on the magnetic field around it will attract the surrounding coil and thus the spring will compress and contract as a result. The contraction rate when an electric current is passed through coils of different length differs in that the electric current is directly proportional to the length of the spiral spring. The diagram below can illustrate this better

The kinetic energy according to the experiment is the energy that is possessed by a material due to its motion. It is a quantity that generally depends upon mass and the speed of atoms within the object that can be analyzedusing either physical weight on a spring or running an electric current through the coil to increase the motion of the atoms. The quicker an object is moving, the more the kinetic energy that the object will possess. We can, therefore, combine this concept together with the argument above about how speediness changes throughout the course of motion. This particular blending of the ideas would, therefore, lead us to come to a conclusionthat the kinetic energy of allthe mass on the spring increases as it approaches the equilibrium position; and it decreases as it moves away from the equilibrium position.

Dynamic energy is one and only form of power-driven energy. The additional form is known as the potential energy. Potential dynamism is the stowed energy of position controlled by an object. The latent energy could be gravitational possible energy, in which case the situation refers to the level above the ground. Or the latent energy could be flexible potential energy, in that case, the situation refers to the point of the quantity on the coil relative to the steadiness position. For our vibrant air track glider, there is no alteration in height. Therefore gravitational latent energy does not change. This kind of potential energy is always not of considerable interest in our examination of the energy fluctuations. There is through a change in the situation of the quantity relative to its stable position. Every particular time the coil is compressed or stretched comparative to its comfortable position, there is arise in the elastic possible energy. The quantity of elastic potential drive depends on the sum of stretch or firmness of the spring.

Conclusion

Whenever a current passes through a spring, its produces a magnetic field but since the current passes through the same direction as the coil of the spring, the agency field with follow the direction of the spring thereby causes the spring to contract or compress. In any case the current is affected due to the magnetic field then the current will be constant majorly oo ione side of the coil say the north pole and the other coil will automatically generate a south pole therefore the spiral spring will contract or compress due to the ability of the magnet field to attract the opposite field. This therefore explains why they attract each other and come closer but doe to the spring constant effect, the attraction can never be 100% but at the long run it will still compress.

In a situation that we are having varying current ratios, even though the spring faces will be constantly changing their faces and the magnetic poles then the opposite faces will also be doing the same. So in this particular case, you will still have compression but the available magnetic field will also be varying and thus as the field is varying so is the forces of attraction and therefore you will end up with a scarily dancing spring that is constantly varying.

The amount to which a spring stretches is directly proportional to the amount of force that is applies on that particular spring. When conducting a proper energy analysis then one important factor to consider is the energy bar chart representation that will give out a very distinct explanation of the same. The bar chart generally uses this to represent the energy that is possessed by that particular object, as it is moving. It is a very important tool used in showing which form of present there and how it changes with change in time. it reveals that as the mass of a spring increases the kinetic energy of that particular spring also increases as the potential energy decreases. The two forms of the mechanical energy how ever remains constant.

The degree of the current passing through the spring and the length and width of the spring are therefore important factors to consider when choosing or purchasing a spring for any particular function. This is because they will determine the efficiency of the spring and how easy it is to stress or compress that particular spring.

References

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Gekelman, W. et al. "Nonlocal Ohms Law, Plasma Resistivity, and Reconnection during Collisions of Magnetic Flux Ropes". The Astrophysical Journal, vol 853, no. 1, 2018, p. 33. American Astronomical Society, doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa9fec.

Mougin, Julie et al. "Gears And Springs In Niobium Microalloyed Steels For Automotive Applications". Materials Science Forum, 500-501, 2005, pp. 753-760. Trans Tech Publications, doi:10.4028/www.scient...