Paper Example on Veins and Arteries of the Body

Part 1 - Pulmonary Trunk to Aortic Arch

Arteries of the Body Part 1Arteries of the heart start from the pulmonary trunk. The pulmonary artery is divided into two; the right and left pulmonary artery. The first entry point of the blood from the left side of the heart is into the aorta, The the level of the aorta where the pulmonary artery branches are called the angle of Louis. Accordingly, the aortic arch has three main channels, including the brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery. The brachiocephalic trunk also split into two veins referred to as the right common carotid and right subclavian arteries. The right common carotid further subdivides into the internal carotid and the outer carotid arteries. The external carotid artery supplies the head and the face with oxygenated blood while the internal carotid runs directly to the brain.

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On the other hand, from the right subclavian arteries, is the vertebral artery and supplies blood to the postural parts of the brain. Further down, the subclavian arteries become the auxiliary artery that runs just within the armpit region. Downwards, the brachial artery later splits into the radial artery that is lateral runs down from the thumb side of the hand while the ulnar artery that is medial runs from the side of the little finger of the hand. At the hand, there is the superficial palmar arch and the deep palmar arch with the superficial palmar arch being close to the surface of the palm. More so, the superficial arch is further towards the fingertips while the deep palmar arch is more proximal.

At the middle part of the body, the aorta can be divided into five sections. The bit between the heart and the aortic arch is called the ascending aorta while the part from the arch of the aorta is referred to as the descending aorta. Finally, there is the thoracic aorta (section above the diaphragm) and abdominal aorta (section below the diaphragm).

Part 2 - Arteries of the Body

At the abdominal section of the aorta the top part; the coeliac artery has three arteries, namely the common hepatic artery, the left gastric artery, and the splenic artery. Further down the coeliac artery are the superior mesenteric artery, and the inferior mesenteric artery. The coeliac access supplies the fore-gas structure while the superior mesenteric artery supplies the mid-gas structures, and the inferior mesenteric artery supplies the hide-gas structures.

Downwards the descending aorta splits into two main the left common iliac arteries and the right iliac arteries. Further down, the common iliac arteries divide into the external and internal common iliac arteries. These additionally run downwards, and from the femur level, these arteries are referred to as femoral arteries which run down the length of the femur.

At the knee level, the femoral artery is now referred to as the popliteal artery at the back section of the knee. The popliteal artery subdivides into a number of branches into the anterior tibial artery which runs from the front side. At the backside are the posterior tibial arteries divides into the peroneal artery and its role is to supply blood to the back and outside of the calf and ankle muscles and the postural tibial artery. At the foot, the anterior tibial artery divides into the dorsalis pedis artery and the arcuate artery.

Part 1 - Veins of the Body

Starting at the heart, deoxygenated blood is delivered to the heart through the superior and inferior super cover. The superior vena cover is formed from two veins namely the right and left venous trunks. The arched vein that runs under the clavian is called the subclavian vein. From the head and brain, there are two vessels, namely the internal and external jugular veins. The external jugular vein drains the head and the face while the internal jugular vein drains the brain. The external jugular vein runs directly into to subclavian vein while the internal jugular vein directly joins the venous vein.

The veins from the upper limbs are the axillary vein which is joined by the cephalic vein to form the subclavian vein. Also joining the axillary vein is the brachial vein which runs superficially and the basilic vein, which is the deep vein. Further down the limb, the vein that joins the cephalic and the basilica veins is referred to as the median cubital vein. Accordingly, the best place to take blood from a patient is from the median cubital, the basilica, and the cephalic veins.

The brachial vein which breaks off the axillary and runs deeply has two tributaries, namely the radial and the ulnar veins. However, both the cephalic and the basilica vein run all the way superficially down the arm. The radial and the ulnar veins run down the arm through respective bones before they join to form the palmer arches: the superficial and the deep palmar venous arch. A notable characteristic of the cephalic and basilica veins is that they run down the arm before they coil to the dorsum of the hand to form the dorsal venous plexus of the hand.

Part 2 - Veins of the Body

Looking at the blood supply from the inferior vena cava which supplies blood from the lower part of the body is formed by the convergence of the right and left common iliac veins. The iliac veins are formed from the confluence of the external and internal iliac veins. However, there is another essential vein that runs on the anterior part of the vertebral bodies and drains directly into the superior vena cava called the azygos vein that runs on the right side while the accessory and Hemi azygous that runs on the left side of the body.

Back to the common iliac veins, the external iliac vein is formed from the femoral veins and the long saphenous vein- runs the entire length of the leg on the medial aspect. The saphenous vein later joins the dorsal venous plexus of the foot. On the other hand, the femoral vein (deep vein) while the long saphenous vein is superficial. At the back of the knee section, there is popliteal vein which drains into the femoral vein. The popliteal vein branches into the venae comitantes of the anterior and posterior tibial vein. Another superficial vein is the short saphenous vein which runs down the back of the leg branching from the popliteal vein. A vital characteristic of the short saphenous vein is that it runs along the leg before looping laterally to join and form the dorsal venous arch of the foot. It should, however, be noted that there are small veins the join the superficial and deep veins.