Justice in Disguise in Middle Passage by Hayden Essay

In a critical, creative and ironical approach to the triangular slave trade, Hayden presents the theme of change, while stressing on the paradox of permanence via an in-depth utility of historical contexts. His maneuver through the social and spiritual irony presents the hardship the slaves had to go through, with some resorting to suicidal ways of ending their misery since it was a "Voyage through death/ to life upon these shores"(Hayden line 6-7). Death in transit is compared favorably to life upon arrival (Hatcher). It is a presentation of a society ostensibly thriving within the principles of justice, unity and freedom yet within it interweave the constraint of discrimination, racism, and injustice.

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Starting off with the mentioning of the glorious names attached to the ships, the poem reveals the disguise of "Their bright ironical names / like jests of kindness on a murderer's mouth"(Hayden line 96-97). The inhuman treatment of the slaves within the ships is a clear depiction of the masking of injustice from the outwards view of the ship. Justice is as distant to the slaves, as their conditions are to their slavers, and so it is that Cinquez, the epic hero, and the source of hope to the slaves is introduced at line 138 of a 179-line poem.

The slaves are viewed as "heathen souls" that require the chastening of the lord (Vera 179). The injustice is disguised as a form of salvation offered to the sinful and undeserving slaves, a clear sign that even the church has turned a blind eye on the inappropriate and inhuman treatment the world has conformed to as its norm. It is no wonder that the victims resort to the sharks as their "tutelary gods" to save them from their misery. The world is a cruel place with "the corpse of mercy rots with him" (Hayden line 109). The line "rats eat love's rotten gelid eyes"(Hayden line 110) proves the fact that everyone else turns a blind or rather an "ophthalmic" eye on injustice.

The inferior are condemned to their suffering and discrimination while the oppressors put on a disguise of their deserving justice and fair treatment. The counterattack of the Africans gets their slavers as "out-of-line." Hayden embarks on the analogy of the ship, as one of textual death and an unseen rebirth of the Amistad African movement. When the redirection of the ship back home only takes them far into the dreaded slavery, the slaves resort to a "prayer for death, / ours and their own" (Hayden line 10-11). For it is only in death that all human beings are one.

Conclusion

Hayden from the society, to the church and finally to the judicial systems, and explores the injustices unceasingly thrown to the minority in society. It becomes a crime for them to look for the justice they have for long been deprived off, and for that, more injustice is directed their way. Freedom, therefore, is the deeply rooted undying and timeless wish of the oppressed, with the few strong enough to stand up to their oppressors, remaining as the deathless primaveral depiction.

Works Cited

Hatcher, John. From the auroral darkness: the life and poetry of Robert Hayden. G. Ronald.Oxford. 1984

Hayden Robert. Middle passage. Edited by Frederick Glaysher Liveright Publishing Corporation. 1985. Pp. 45-46.

Vera M. K."Changing Permanences: Historical and Literary Revisionism in Robert Hayden's 'Middle Passage." Edited by Laurence Goldstein and Robert Chrisman. Robert Hayden essays on the poetry. Callaloo 9.1. 1986. P. 179