Issues of Air Pollution - Research Proposal

Background to the Topic

The air pollution can be caused by a number of reasons and it is one of the major challenges in the world today. Environmental conservation is the process of protecting the natural resources in the world to ensure they are available in the future. Erbil City has experienced environmental challenges for many days. Air pollution, noise pollution and other types of pollution have increased as a result of the increased number of people, the increased number of generators and vehicles in the area that emit pollutants. The controversies between the Iraqi federal government and the local or regional governments is one of the main reasons why the issues of air pollution are not easily resolved in the area.

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Research Question

The research will be based on the current issues in the city and the way things have been in the past. The current and past situation in the city shows the challenge has been ongoing for a long time. The research question will be as follows:

What are the causes, consequences, and means of reducing air pollution in Erbil City?

Research Objectives and Aims

The objective of the study is to generate a balanced, well-structured, and detailed answer to the research question above. The aims of the research will be as follows:

1. To synthesize the information about the city and how air pollution affects it.

2. To determine the causes of that pollution.

3. To provide possible solutions to the problem by giving solutions that can help to reduce the pollution.

The Significance of Study

In the past research studies, it has been identified that the issue of pollution affects people in many negative ways. Pollution has been associated with numerous risks that affect the current generation (Kelly & Fussell, 2015). The health risks lead to high medical costs and weak citizens in the city. Air pollution is detrimental to the victims and mostly in their respiratory systems. It can have long-lasting impacts and even lead to death. For example, the smog in London led to the death of 4,000 people in a day in 1952 (Brimblecombe, 2017). The significance of the study is informed by this view and information. It will analyze why there is high pollution, the impacts it has and how the rate of pollution can be reduced. The information will be significant to the lawmakers and environmental conservationists.

Literature Review

Overview

Air pollution leads to common respiratory diseases which include asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, cancer and allergies (Cipolla, Sorgenti, Gentile & Bishara, 2018). The impacts of the current pollution in Erbil City could be effective for many years in the future. The challenges with the conditions are that the authorities are not concerned with ensuring there is an improvement. Air pollution can be lethal even when it is as low as house dust. For example, house dust is associated with the high spread of Emphysema and Bronchitis (Mendy et al., 2018). The causes of air pollution in the city include dust, chemicals from industries, dust, exhaust from vehicles and machines and burning materials among many others. Some of the common causes of air pollution are smoke, indoor allergens, formaldehyde, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, indoor-generated matters and volatile compounds among others.

Hypotheses Formulation

From the above analysis, it is clear that the research aims at determining the factors behind the high air pollution in Erbil City, its consequences and how to minimize it. The hypothesis of the research will be that the increased population and activities related to the increase in pollution are to blame for the increased pollution, that it causes many respiratory diseases and that it can be reduced through education of the local people to change their daily activities. The null hypothesis would be that there is no relationship between air pollution and respiratory diseases and that there are no ways of reducing the level of pollution in Erbil City.

Methodology

Subjects for Study

The study will use information collected using questionnaires and interviews and secondary data sources will be used to back it up. The strong points associated with this data collection are that they are easy to use, the data is authentic and the researcher gets primary and reliable data. The weak points are that the collection of data could take long and it can be prone to lies and fabricated data.

Measurement

The research will use nominal and operational definitions to identify and explain the dependent and independent variables. The measurement of different variables will also be done using statistical methods to get reliable figures.

Data Collection Methods

The data will be collected using questionnaires and interviews which will be conducted in the city within a period of three months. The data collected will be analyzed in tables to ease understanding them.

Analysis

The analysis of the data will be done using tables and figures to show the trend of pollution, the impacts, and possible remedies. It will be done as a case study that includes specific facts about Erbil city and all data will be considered in the analysis. The data shows that air pollution is closely related to the high population and lifestyle as well as industrial development. The issue can be solved through reduction of the industries, educating the public and implementing policies that discourage pollution.

Conclusion

The research question was what are the causes, consequences, and means of reducing air pollution in Erbil City and it has been answered in entirety. The causes, impacts, and remedies to air pollution will be covered in full. All information covered will be directed to meeting the answers to this question. The city will be cleaner and safer if the data collected will be used to make decisions in the managing of pollution.

References

Brimblecombe, P. (2017). London 1952: An enduring legacy. Air Pollution Episodes.

Cipolla, M., Sorgenti, M., Gentile, C., & Bishara, M. M. (2018). Air Pollution and Lung Diseases. In Clinical Handbook of Air Pollution-Related Diseases (pp. 327-339). Springer, Cham.

Kelly, F. J., & Fussell, J. C. (2015). Air pollution and public health: emerging hazards and improved understanding of risk. Environmental geochemistry and health, 37(4), 631-649.

Mendy, A., Salo, P. M., Cohn, R. D., Wilkerson, J., Zeldin, D. C., & Thorne, P. S. (2018). House Dust Endotoxin Association with Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema. Environmental Health Perspectives (Online), 126(3).